A recent trend: application of graphene in catalysis
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Carbon Letters https://doi.org/10.1007/s42823-020-00200-7
REVIEW
A recent trend: application of graphene in catalysis Yuxin Yan1 · Woo In Shin2 · Hao Chen1 · Shar‑Mun Lee1 · Sivakumar Manickam2 · Svenja Hanson1 · Haitao Zhao3 · Edward Lester4 · Tao Wu5,6 · Cheng Heng Pang1,6 Received: 2 September 2020 / Revised: 20 October 2020 / Accepted: 22 October 2020 © Korean Carbon Society 2020
Abstract Graphene, an allotrope of carbon in 2D structure, has revolutionised research, development and application in various disciplines since its successful isolation 16 years ago. The single layer of sp2-hybridised carbon atoms brings with it a string of unrivalled characteristics at a fraction of the price of its competitors, including platinum, gold and silver. More recently, there has been a growing trend in the application of graphene in catalysis, either as metal-free catalysts, composite catalysts or as catalyst supports. The unique and extraordinary properties of graphene have rendered it useful in increasing the reactivity and selectivity of some reactions. Owing to its large surface area, outstanding adsorptivity and high compatibility with various functional groups, graphene is able to provide a whole new level of possibilities and flexibilities to design and synthesise fit-for-purpose graphene-based catalysts for specific applications. This review is focussed on the progress, mechanisms and challenges of graphene application in four main reactions, i.e., oxygen reduction reaction, water splitting, water treatment and Fischer–Tropsch synthesis. This review also summarises the advantages and drawbacks of graphene over other commonly used catalysts. Given the inherent nature of graphene, coupled with its recent accelerated advancement in the synthesis and modification processes, it is anticipated that the application of graphene in catalysis will grow exponentially from its current stage of infancy. Keywords Catalysis · Graphene · Oxygen reduction reaction · Water splitting · Water treatment · Fischer–Tropsch synthesis
1 Introduction
* Cheng Heng Pang [email protected] 1
Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, People’s Republic of China
2
Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
3
MITMECHE, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
4
Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
5
Ningbo New Materials Institute, University of Nottingham, Ningbo, Ningbo 315042, People’s Republic of China
6
Key Laboratory for Carbonaceous Wastes Processing and Process Intensification Research of Zhejiang Province, The University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, People’s Republic of China
Catalysis is the application of catalysts to increase the rate of reaction and/or selectivity without being consumed during the reaction. The catalyst provides an alternative reaction pathway with lower activation energy and henc
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