A Rhodamine-Cyclen Conjugate as Chromogenic and Fluorescent Chemosensor for Copper Ion in Aqueous Media
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ORIGINAL PAPER
A Rhodamine-Cyclen Conjugate as Chromogenic and Fluorescent Chemosensor for Copper Ion in Aqueous Media Min Wang & Di Zhang & Man Li & Min Fan & Yong Ye & Yu-fen Zhao
Received: 19 October 2012 / Accepted: 7 January 2013 / Published online: 16 January 2013 # Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013
Abstract A novel compound 1 containing rhodamine B and macrocyclic groups has been synthesized. It was found to exhibit a reversible colorimetric response, high selectivity and sensitivity for Cu(II) ion over other commonly coexistent metal ions. The colorimetric and fluorescent response to Cu(II) can be conveniently detected even by the naked eye, which provided a facile method for visual detection of Cu (II). Approximate 71 and 53-fold enhancement in the absorbance at about 557 nm and fluorescence intensity at about 580 nm were estimated when Cu(II) ion was added to the aqueous media of compound 1. The detection limit was calculated to be 2 μM. Keywords Fluorescent sensor . Rhodamine . Cu(II) . Macrocyclic . Chemosensors
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10895-013-1159-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. M. Wang : D. Zhang : M. Li : M. Fan : Y. Ye (*) : Y.-f. Zhao Phosphorus Chemical Engineering Research Center of Henan Province, Department of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China e-mail: [email protected] Y.-f. Zhao Key Lab Chem Biol, Fujian Prov Coll Chem & Chem Engn, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China Y. Ye : Y.-f. Zhao Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology(Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Introduction Selective detection of transition metal ions has been of great interest because of their importance in biological and environmental processes [1–6]. Among transition metal ions, Cu (II) is the third most adequate and plays important roles in biological process. However, during the overloading conditions, copper exhibits toxicity and in that it causes neurodegenerative diseases [7, 8]. Thus, the quantitative detection of Cu(II) is of great importance for elucidating its complex physiological and pathological roles. Current methods for copper screening, including atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) [9], inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) [10], and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) [11], often require expensive and sophisticated instrumentation or complex samplepreparation steps. Sensors based on the Cu(II)-induced changes in fluorescence would be more desirable, because it is less labor-intensive and highly sensitive. Generally, a typical sensor of this type is constructed by covalent linkage of three parts, namely, a receptor unit, a spacer and a signaling unit, though there are some examples of spacerfree probes also. These sensors molecules display completely different absorption/fluorescence signals compared to free sensors in solution a
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