A self-enhanced electrochemiluminescent ratiometric zearalenone immunoassay based on the use of helical carbon nanotubes
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ORIGINAL PAPER
A self-enhanced electrochemiluminescent ratiometric zearalenone immunoassay based on the use of helical carbon nanotubes Dandan Fang 1 & Baoshan Zeng 1 & Shupei Zhang 2 & Hong Dai 1 & Yanyu Lin 1,2 Received: 12 August 2019 / Accepted: 13 April 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract A self-enhanced electrochemiluminescent ratiometric immunoassay for zearalenone is described. A system composed of Naminobutyl-N-ethylisoluminol (ABEI) and glutathione (GSH) produces a strong electrochemiluminescence (ECL) at an applied potential of 0.8 V, probably because of short electron transfer distance and reduced energy loss. The method also uses octahedral anatase mesocrystals (OAM) with a large specific surface facilitating immobilization of ABEI and GSH. Helical carbon nanotubes, possessing a large specific surface, superior mechanical stability, and excellent electrical conductivity which serve as a solid support, greatly enhanced the loading capacity for g-C3N4 nanosheets and horseradish peroxidase-labeled anti-antibody. The peroxidase accelerates the decomposition of H2O2 to produce reactive oxygen species (ROSs), amplifying the blue ECL of ABEI and the green ECL of g-C3N4. The ratiometric sandwich immunoassay (performed by the ratio of ECL intensity at − 1.3 V and 0.8 V) allows for sensitive and reliable determination of ZEN in a wide linear range from 1.0 × 10−4 ng/mL to 10 ng/mL. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of corn hazelnut samples for ZEN. Keywords N-aminobutyl-N-ethylisoluminol . g-C3N4 . Octahedral anatase mesocrystals . Glutathione . Reactive oxygen species . Sandwich immunoassay
Introduction Contamination of agricultural commodities by mycotoxins has potential health risk for human beings and animals [1]. Zearalenone (ZEN) is a secondary metabolite derived from Fusarium species and exists in most crops such as corn, oats, wheat, and rice [2]. ZEN exhibits strong estrogenic and anabolic properties, disturbing the reproductive system of animals
Dandan Fang and Baoshan Zeng contributed to the work equally and should be regarded as co-first authors. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-020-04278-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Hong Dai [email protected] 1
College of Chemistry and Material, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian, China
2
Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children’s Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian, China
and human and causing teratogenesis and abortion [3]. Furthermore, ZEN possesses genotoxic, immunotoxic, and haematotoxic [4]. Accordingly, developing a rapid and sensitive method to determine ZEN is very important. Currently, various analytical techniques such as enzyme-linked immunosensor assay (ELISA) [5], chemiluminescence [6], and florescence [7] have been employed to determine ZEN. However, these techniques suffered from drawbacks of timeconsuming, labor-
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