A Simple Microwave Method for Synthesis of CdS Nanoparticles
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A Simple Microwave Method for Synthesis of CdS Nanoparticles Gholamreza Nabiyouni • Elaheh Azizi • Nazanin Nasrollahi
Received: 20 December 2012 Ó Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013
Abstract In this work a surfactant-free microwave method for preparation of CdS nanoparticles is reported. The effect of different parameters i.e. time and irradiation power, sulfur source and solvent on the morphology and the samples particle size have been investigated. The synthesized nanostructures were characterized by X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared, photoluminescence and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy. Keywords
Nanoparticles Semiconductors CdS
Introduction In the past decade, nanostructures of semiconductors became a focus of attention of researchers because of their unique properties and their potential applications in manufacturing of nanodevices. Among group II–VI semiconductors, CdS with a direct band gap of 2.42 eV is considered to be an excellent material for various optoelectronic applications in the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum such as nonlinear optics, flat panel displays, light emitting diodes, lasers, and thin film transistors [1, 2]. CdS has been successfully synthesized into micro- and nanocrystals with different morphologies, such as nanoflowers, nanospheres, nanorods, and nanoparticles. Different methods were used to synthesize CdS e.g. solvothermal or hydrothermal synthesis, and precipitation process [1–4]. The microwave synthesis, which is quite fast, simple and very energy efficient, has been developed for a lot of applications. The effect of microwave energy on G. Nabiyouni (&) E. Azizi Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Arak University, 38156-8-8349 Arak, Iran e-mail: [email protected] N. Nasrollahi School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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dielectric materials leads to what is generally known as dielectric heating, and the molecular dipoles (induced by microwaves) oscillate. This oscillation causes a higher rate of molecular collisions which generate heat. The microwave-assisted reaction has the advantage over the conventional synthesis methods. Microwaves Table 1 Summarized of different effective parameters on the various reactions
Sample no.
Solvent
Time (min)
Sulfur source
Power (W)
1
EG
3
TAA
340
2
EG
3
TAA
680
3
EG
3
TAA
850
4
EG
6
TAA
850
5
Water
3
TAA
850
6
EG
3
TU
850
7
EG
6
TU
850
8
EG
3
TU
680
9
Water
3
TU
850
10
EG
3
KSCN
680
11
EG
3
KSCN
850
12
EG
3
NaSCN
680
13
EG
3
NaSCN
850
14
EG
3
Na2S
680
15
EG
3
Na2S
850
Fig. 1 XRD patterns of the as-synthesized CdS prepared with a TAA sample no 1, b Tu sample no 6
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Synthesis of CdS Nanoparticles
are usually used for homogeneous heating of polar materials. While, in conventional heating (heating fluid, gas, burner or electrical heating) there is a temperature gradient between the h
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