Activity concentration of plutonium isotopes in bottom sediments and water in Crimean salt lakes
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Activity concentration of plutonium isotopes in bottom sediments and water in Crimean salt lakes Nataliya N. Tereshchenko1 · Alexander V. Trapeznikov2 · Artem A. Paraskiv1 · Vladislav Yu. Proskurnin1 · Anatoliy P. Plataev2 · Nataliya Yu. Mirzoeva1 Received: 20 May 2020 / Accepted: 13 September 2020 © Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary 2020
Abstract The 238,239+240Pu activity concentrations in sediments and in water in the Crimean salt lakes were studied. Activity ratio of 238Pu/239+240Pu in depth profiles of sediments was used to estimate the contribution of two main sources of man-made plutonium to the Pu sediment inventory. The most part of the plutonium was of global origin. Concentration factor of the plutonium isotopes in sediments, radiocapacity factor of the lake, the type of biogeochemical behavior of plutonium in these reservoirs and the sediment inventory of 238,239+240Pu in the lakes were evaluated. Keywords 238,239+240Pu · Sediment · Depth distribution of plutonium · Water · Crimean salt lakes · The Black Sea
Introduction The input of man-made radionuclides into the environment started after the humankind began using nuclear technologies for military and peaceful purposes. Accidents at nuclear facilities became one of the sources of radionuclide release into the environment [1–7]. The aquatic ecosystems play an important role in migration of radionuclides. Salt lakes occupy a special place among aquatic ecosystems, because many of them are stagnant water bodies and therefore become a long-term depot of radionuclides. However the resources of salt lakes are widely used for national economic purposes. The most intensively used lake resources are their bottom sediments being used as therapeutic and cosmetic mud. The Crimean salt lakes are also popular places of mass spontaneous tourism [8, 9]. The lake brine is used as a raw material for the extraction of common salt and other substances. Dunaliella salina and others living in the Crimean salt lakes [10, 11] are important raw materials for fishery
* Nataliya N. Tereshchenko [email protected] 1
The A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, Nakhimov Av., 2, Sevastopol, Russian Federation 299011
Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology of RAS, St. 8‑th of March, 202, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation 620144
2
enterprises. The Crimean salt lakes are promising objects for the development of aquaculture [10, 11]. The 238Pu and 239+240Pu investigations in the components of the Crimean salt lakes ecosystems were not fulfilled until recently. At the same time the bottom sediments in lakes were well known to be characterized by the highest plutonium concentration factors (Cf) and to be a main depot for plutonium radionuclides in aquatic ecosystems [4–7]. For the Crimean peninsula the main sources of man-made radioactive isotopes were the global fallout from the nuclear weapons testing in open environment and the fallout from the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant (ChNPP) in 1986 [3, 12]. In the early 1990s the 23
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