Aggressiveness of Fusarium species causing head blight on wheat plants determined in detached leaf and seedling in vitro
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Aggressiveness of Fusarium species causing head blight on wheat plants determined in detached leaf and seedling in vitro assays Nachaat Sakr1 Received: 19 December 2019 / Revised: 13 April 2020 / Accepted: 29 April 2020 © Indian Phytopathological Society 2020
Abstract Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a serious disease of wheat. In vitro assays for reliable prediction of the head blight reaction in whole plant was investigated. The capacity of 16 fungal isolates of four FHB species to cause disease on individual plant organs was evaluated in vitro. Six quantitative components related to detached leaf and seedling assays were analyzed in six durum and bread wheat cultivars with known resistance. Differences in inoculated treatment were observed on young plant parts relative to water controls, indicating that these FHB species were found to be suitable for the differential expression of all tested quantitative components. There was a wide variation in aggressiveness among the 16 FHB isolates for latent period (LP) in detached leaf assay. Nevertheless, the other five components: incubation period and lesion length of detached leaf assay, percentage of infected seedlings (of foliar-spraying and pin-point inoculations) and lesion length (of clip-dipping inoculation) did not distinguish isolates. Significant correlation was found for the aggressiveness measured by LP of 16 FHB isolates and the previous pathogenic component ratings generated in vitro and in growth chamber and field study. These results suggest that LP predicts aggressiveness occurring at the earliest and latest wheat development stages during FHB infection. To our best knowledge, this is the primary in-depth report combining six different quantitative components delivered from two distinct in vitro assays to quantify aggressiveness in FHB species complex. Our data also highlighted, for the first time, the utility of LP for rapid and early determination of aggressiveness in FHB-wheat pathosystem. Keywords FHB species · Latent period · Pathogenic variability · Wheat resistance
Introduction Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a devastating disease of wheat. FHB has received more attention because of the impact that infection may cause yield losses of up to 50–70% and quality reduction due to the accumulation of several mycotoxins [especially deoxynivalenol (DON)] in the grain that poses a significant risk to food and feed safety (Parry et al. 1995; Dahl and Wilson 2018). The disease complex is associated with at least seventeen Fusarium species and two Microdochium causal agents like F. graminearum, F. culmorum and F. avenaceum are the most pathogenic and widely distributed species in most infected areas worldwide. F. equiseti, F. poae and F. cerealis are less frequent, and F.
* Nachaat Sakr [email protected] 1
Department of Agriculture, AEC of Syria, P.O. Box 6091, Damascus, Syria
proliferatum, F. solani and F. verticillioides are the least frequent species of FHB (Saharan and Sharma 2009). Assessment of quantitative components relat
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