Antagonistic activity and mechanism of a novel Bacillus amyloliquefaciens MB40 strain against fire blight
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Antagonistic activity and mechanism of a novel Bacillus amyloliquefaciens MB40 strain against fire blight Olga Shemshura 1 & Mereke Alimzhanova 2 Amankeldy Sadanov 1
&
Elvira Ismailova 1 & Assel Molzhigitova 1 & Saule Daugaliyeva 1 &
Received: 15 May 2019 / Accepted: 30 January 2020 # Società Italiana di Patologia Vegetale (S.I.Pa.V.) 2020
Abstract Fire blight caused by Erwinia amylovora is an important disease affecting most types of rosaceous trees and represents a significant threat to fruit cultivation in many parts of the world. The effectiveness of antagonistic bacteria Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain MB40 to inhibit the growth of Erwinia amylovora strain 1E IMIV was evaluated under in vitro conditions. B. amyloliquefaciens MB40 was isolated from leaves of fire blight host mature apple trees (cultivar ‘Zarya Alatau’) sampled in the Almaty region of Kazakhstan. Local isolate of the fire blight causative agent E. amylovora was used as pathogen inoculum in laboratory trials. Erwinia amylovora and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens were identified using morphological and biochemical tests, and the pathogenicity of E. amylovora 1E IMIV was demonstrated in a bioassay on immature pear fruits. B. amyloliquefaciens MB40 showed high antagonistic activity against the pathogen. Biological efficiency of the applied culture broth of B. amyloliquefaciens was 90.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 74.1 to 107.2). Analysis of active substances produced by the antagonistic bacterium disclosed high amounts of acetoin (3-hydroxybutanone) - 53.7 ± 1.8% and and 2,3butanedione - 34.4 ± 3.6%. The inhibitory activity of the latter was demonstrated. The possible mechanism of its action is discussed, suggesting that B. amyloliquefaciens MB40 is a novel antibacterial strain with potential application in controlling E. amylovora in fruit growing. Keywords Bacillus amyloliquefaciens . Biocontrol . 2,3-butanedione . Erwinia amylovora . Fire blight
Introduction Fire blight is a worldwide common bacterial disease causing significant economic losses in the production of apples and pears (Jock et al. 2013; Soukainen et al. 2015; Wisniewski et al. 2017). The disease is caused by the gram-negative Erwinia amylovora (Roberts and Coleman 2009). In terms of severity, fire blight can not be compared to any other diseases in fruit trees. The severity of the disease is ascribed to the fact that the affected young trees can perish within one season and old orchards during few years. In highly contaminated
* Mereke Alimzhanova [email protected] 1
Scientific Production Center of Microbiology and Virology, str. Bogenbay batyr 105, Almaty, Kazakhstan 050010
2
Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, ave. Al-Farabi 71, Almaty, Kazakhstan 050040
orchards 20 to 50%, in some cases even up to 100% of trees may be affected. As a country with a significant apple production Kazakhstan has a natural interest in fighting fire blight. In previous time fire blight was absent in Kazakhstan. However, the pathogen was unfortunately accidental
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