Anti-inflammatory effect of glycyrrhizin with Equisetum arvense extract
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Anti‑inflammatory effect of glycyrrhizin with Equisetum arvense extract Fumie Shiba1 · Mutsumi Miyauchi2 · Chanbora Chea2 · Hisako Furusho2 · Saori Iwasaki1 · Rika Shimizu1 · Kouji Ohta3 · Tatsuji Nishihara4 · Takashi Takata2,5 Received: 9 January 2020 / Accepted: 18 October 2020 © The Society of The Nippon Dental University 2020
Abstract Periodontal disease is the most prevalent infectious disease, and inflammatory mediators play critical roles in its progression. Therefore, controlling pro-inflammatory cytokine production, especially at initial disease stages, is essential to maintaining gingival and periodontal health. Glycyrrhizin (GL) has an anti-inflammatory effect and has been added to toothpaste and mouth rinse to prevent periodontal disease. However, there is a maximum dose for the use of GL. The aim of the present study is to screen plant extracts which can effectively enhance the effects of GL. The effects of extracts from six different plants on GL-suppressed TNF-α expression in Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A.a.)-LPS-stimulated human oral keratinocytes (RT7) were examined. Results demonstrated that Equisetum arvense (EA) extract had the strongest additive effect on the suppression of TNF-α by GL at both mRNA and protein levels. In addition, GL downregulated the production of TNF-α by suppressing NF-κB p65 phosphorylation, but not JNK or p38 phosphorylation. In contrast, EA decreased JNK phosphorylation but not NF-κB p65 or p38 phosphorylation. The combination of GL and EA effectively attenuated A.a.LPS-induced phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 and JNK. Furthermore, an LPS-induced periodontitis rat model showed that GL with EA supplementation significantly downregulated TNF-α mRNA in the gingival tissue. These results indicate that EA can suppress A.a.-LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine production by inhibiting JNK activation and can promote the anti-inflammatory effects of GL. Our findings suggest that a combination of GL and EA may improve the development of new oral hygiene products aimed at enhancing periodontal health. Keywords Gingiva · Periodontitis · Inflammation · Junctional epithelium · Glycyrrhizin · Equisetum arvense
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10266-020-00563-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Mutsumi Miyauchi mmiya@hiroshima‑u.ac.jp 1
Research and Development Headquarters, Earth Corporation, Ltd., Hyogo 678‑0192, Japan
2
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathobiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, 1‑2‑3 Kasumi, Minami‑ku, Hiroshima 734‑8553, Japan
3
Department of Public Oral Health, Program of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734‑8553, Japan
4
Division of Infections and Molecular Biology, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu 803‑8580, Japan
5
Tokuyama University, Yamaguchi 745‑8566, Japan
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