Antimicrobial activities and mechanism of action of Cymbopogon khasianus (Munro ex Hackel) Bor essential oil
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(2020) 20:331
RESEARCH ARTICLE
BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies
Open Access
Antimicrobial activities and mechanism of action of Cymbopogon khasianus (Munro ex Hackel) Bor essential oil Gurpreet Singh† and Meenu Katoch*†
Abstract Background: Due to concerns regarding the safety of the chemical control measures, the trend is shifting globally towards the use of natural compounds as antimicrobial agent especially, plant essential oils. Results: This study presented the antibacterial potential of Cymbopogon khasianus essential oil (CKEO) against human pathogens: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans with MIC ranging from 20 to 100 μg/mL. CKEO, in comparison to its major constituent, geraniol, showed better MICs against tested pathogens. In combination studies, the effective concentrations of CKEO and streptomycin were reduced from 20 to 5 μg/mL and 11 to 0.7 ng/mL against E. coli. This suggests their synergistic action. However, CKEO showed partial synergy with ciprofloxacin. To understand the efficacy of CKEO, time-kill kinetics was performed. CKEO took the half time to show the bactericidal effect in comparison to streptomycin at their 2x MICs (double the MIC), while their combination took only 30 min for this. Fluorescence and surface electron microscopic and protein estimation studies suggested the multi-target action of CKEO-streptomycin combination against E. coli. Further, CKEO alone/in combination exhibited less than 10% haemolytic activity at its MIC. Conclusion: These results indicate that CKEO is a potentially safe alternative for the treatment of various pathogenic bacterial strains. It could be used for a variety of applications including human health, food storage, aquaculture, etc. Keywords: Antimicrobial, Cymbopogon khasianus, Essential oil, Minimum inhibitory concentration, Streptomycin
Background Antibiotic therapy is one of the most important therapies used for treating bacterial infections and has tremendously improved human life from the days of its introduction. But in the past few decades, the development and spread of resistant pathogenic strains threatens human health globally [1]. The most important factor for developing resistance is the excessive exposure of bacterial strains to antibiotics [2]. Consequently, it is * Correspondence: [email protected]; [email protected] † Gurpreet Singh and Meenu Katoch contributed equally to this work. Microbial Biotechnology Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
essential either to reduce/halt the use of antibiotics or to develop and use the alternative of antimicrobials. In recent years, interest in medicinal plants has attracted the attention of pharmaceutical and scientific communities as sources of antimicrobial substances. In the global market, due to concerns regarding the safety of the chemical control measures, the trend is shifting towards the use of effective and n
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