Apoptosis Methods in Toxicology
This detailed volume provides a single, valuable reference source for methods that definitively identify and accurately quantify apoptosis. The book begins with common methods utilized to detect and quantitate apoptosis, as well as apoptosis signaling pat
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Perpetua M. Muganda Editor
Apoptosis Methods in Toxicology
METHODS AND
IN
PHARMACOLOGY
TOXICOLOGY
Series Editor Y. James Kang Sichuan University and University of Louisville School of Medicine Prospect, Kentucky, USA
For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/7653
Apoptosis Methods in Toxicology Edited by
Perpetua M. Muganda Department of Biology, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC, USA
Editor Perpetua M. Muganda Department of Biology North Carolina A&T State University Greensboro, NC, USA
ISSN 1557-2153 ISSN 1940-6053 (electronic) Methods in Pharmacology and Toxicology ISBN 978-1-4939-3586-4 ISBN 978-1-4939-3588-8 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4939-3588-8 Library of Congress Control Number: 2016935496 © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Cover Illustration: Taken from Chapter 5, Figure 2. Printed on acid-free paper This Humana Press imprint is published by Springer Nature This registered company is Springer Science+Business Media LLC New York
Preface Apoptosis is a highly regulated and active form of programmed cell death that is used to eliminate excess, damaged, or cancerous cells throughout life in a variety of organisms, thus maintaining normal homeostasis. Inappropriate apoptosis may occur within cells in response to various toxicological stresses, including drugs and other compounds. Since dysregulated apoptosis is likely to result in disease, it is important to quantitate the level of apoptosis and determine its mechanisms and signaling pathways through suitable apoptotic methods. The most suitable methods for detecting and quantitating apoptosis must be able to distinguish apoptosis from other more recently discovered forms of programmed cell death, such as programmed necrosis and autophagic cell death. Apoptosis is characterized by specific morphological and biochemical changes, and is executed principally through the mitochondria and death receptor pathways. Thus, the
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