Application of exogenous salicylic acid on improving high temperature resistance of Nannochloropsis oceanica
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Application of exogenous salicylic acid on improving high temperature resistance of Nannochloropsis oceanica Lin Zhang 1,2 & Shuping Yang 1,2 & Jilin Xu 1,2 & Tong Liu 1,2 & Dongjie Yang 1,2 & Zuyao Wu 1,2 & Mengjie Shao 1,2 Received: 9 January 2019 / Accepted: 4 August 2020 / Published online: 16 September 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract
The large-scale farming of Nannochloropsis spp. has long been subject to high temperature. Though salicylic acid is widely used to enhance the high temperature resistance of higher plants, related research in microalgae is still in its infancy. In this study, Nannochloropsis oceanica cells at 25 °C were transferred to high temperature (35 °C) for 96 h, during which period salicylic acid with various concentrations (0, 15, 25, 35, and 50 mg L−1) were added into high temperature groups. The results indicated that high temperature could heavily inhibit the growth of N. oceanica, and result in various physiological and biochemical changes. The addition of exogenous salicylic acid at moderate concentration distinctly alleviated the inhibition of heat stress on N. oceanica. Moreover, further analysis indicated that exogenous salicylic acid could significantly increase the contents of soluble sugars, soluble proteins, total unsaturated fatty acids, and catalase activity, but result in the decrease of the nitrate reductase activity, the malondialdehyde content, and fatty acid profile. Our results also demonstrated that salicylic acid at a concentration of 15 mg L−1 received the best growth performance of N. oceanica under 35 °C. This study investigates the thermal protection effect of salicylic acid on N. oceanica under high temperature, and can provide valuable information for the large-scale production of microalgae. Keywords Growth . High temperature resistance . Nannochloropsis oceanica . Physiological and biochemical changes . Salicylic acid
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-02000592-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
* Lin Zhang [email protected] Extended author information available on the last page of the article
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Aquaculture International (2020) 28:2235–2246
Abbreviations CAT Catalase GC Gas chromatography GC-MS Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry MDA Malondialdehyde NR Nitrate reductase ROS Reactive oxygen species SA Salicylic acid SFA Saturated fatty acid TCA Tricarboxylic acid T-SOD Total superoxide dismutase UFA Unsaturated fatty acid
Introduction Microalgae are rich in proteins, polyunsaturated fatty acids, carotenoids, and vitamins, and thus have been considered high-quality natural feeds for aquatic animals and served as feedstocks for the production of renewable and environment-friendly biofuels (Jakobsen et al. 2018; Slade and Bauen 2013; Widjaja et al. 2009). Moreover, microalgal cultivation requires neither arable land nor freshwater resource. Microalgal technologies are also applied to wastewater treatment to remove nitrogen, p
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