Asia and the Arctic Narratives, Perspectives and Policies
This book presents narratives, perspectives and policies on the Arctic and brings to fore the strategies of five Asian countries - China, India, Japan, Republic of Korea and Singapore who were granted the status of Permanent Observers in th
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Vijay Sakhuja Kapil Narula Editors
Asia and the Arctic Narratives, Perspectives and Policies
Springer Geology
The book series Springer Geology comprises a broad portfolio of scientific books, aiming at researchers, students, and everyone interested in geology. The series includes peer-reviewed monographs, edited volumes, textbooks, and conference proceedings. It covers the entire research area of geology including, but not limited to, economic geology, mineral resources, historical geology, quantitative geology, structural geology, geomorphology, paleontology, and sedimentology.
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/10172
Vijay Sakhuja Kapil Narula •
Editors
Asia and the Arctic Narratives, Perspectives and Policies
123
Editors Vijay Sakhuja National Maritime Foundation New Delhi, Delhi India
ISSN 2197-9545 Springer Geology ISBN 978-981-10-2058-2 DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-2059-9
Kapil Narula National Maritime Foundation New Delhi, Delhi India
ISSN 2197-9553
(electronic)
ISBN 978-981-10-2059-9
(eBook)
Library of Congress Control Number: 2016946626 © Springer Science+Business Media Singapore 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer Science+Business Media Singapore Pte Ltd.
Foreword 1
The name ‘Arctic’ is derived from the word ‘Arktos’, which in Greek means ‘bear’ and it is one of the defining characteristics of the Arctic. The Arctic region stretches over 14.5 million square kilometres and includes the northern territories of the Alaska (United States), Canada, Greenland (Denmark), Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Russia and the Arctic Ocean. Sea ice, permafrost, glaciers and ice sheets are the characteristics of Arctic’s physical terrain. It is a unique area among earth’s ecosystems and the flora and fauna in the Arctic is shaped and defined to varying degrees by the processes of freezing and thawing of ic
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