Asian Foreign Policy in a Changing Arctic The Diplomacy of Economy a
This book examines the growing interest by Asian states, which are normally considered as ‘outsiders’ in the Arctic governance system. Whilst existing research asserts that Asian states are mostly interested in the economic aspect of the changing Arctic,
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Aki Tonami
Asian Foreign Policy in a Changing Arctic
Aki Tonami
Asian Foreign Policy in a Changing Arctic The Diplomacy of Economy and Science at New Frontiers
Aki Tonami Nordic Institute of Asian Studies University of Copenhagen Copenhagen, Denmark
ISBN 978-1-137-53745-4 ISBN 978-1-137-53746-1 DOI 10.1057/978-1-137-53746-1
(eBook)
Library of Congress Control Number: 2016947421 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2016 The author(s) has/have asserted their right(s) to be identified as the author(s) of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Cover illustration: Abstract Bricks and Shadows © Stephen Bonk/Fotolia.co.uk Printed on acid-free paper This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Macmillan Publishers Ltd. London
To my family
CONTENTS
1 Introduction
1
2
China’s Arctic Policy
19
3
Japan’s Arctic Policy
47
4
Arctic Policy of South Korea (Republic of Korea)
73
5
Singapore’s Arctic Policy
93
6
India’s Arctic Policy
107
7 Conclusions
113
Index
127
vii
PREFACE
On 9 December 2013, after flying five hours from Copenhagen, I set foot inside the Arctic Circle for the first time in my life. I had arrived at Kangerlussuaq Airport, a former US Air Base and now a civilian airport in Greenland. As I came out from the plane, in the distance I saw enormous flattop rocky mountains surrounding the airport. It was December— everything, virtually everything, was white. The scenery very much fitted what I imagined as the Arctic. From there, we took another flight to the capital of Greenland, Nuuk, which lies outside of the Arctic Circle. Although still bitterly cold, it was a beautiful small town with colourful little houses. In Nuuk, I was given an opportunity to give a lecture on Japan’s Arctic policy and its relation to Greenland. The next morning, I stood in front of the audience that fil
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