Assessing Allelopathic Index for Estimating Allelopathic potential of Ajowan Extracts
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J. Crop Sci. Biotech. 2018 (June) 21 (2) : 165 ~ 172 DOI No. 10.1007/s12892-017-0022-0 RESEARCH ARTICLE
Assessing Allelopathic Index for Estimating Allelopathic potential of Ajowan Extracts Mostafa Hojatian Far1*, Ali Bagherzadeh2 1
Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran 2 Department of Agriculture, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, P.O. Box: 91735-413, Mashhad, Iran Received: August 13, 2017 / Revised: January 31, 2018 / Accepted: February 02, 2018 Ⓒ Korean Society of Crop Science and Springer 2018
Abstract Allelopathy is a procedure in which secondary metabolites are produced by plants. Some plants may beneficially or antagonistically affect other plants through allelochemical compounds which may be released directly or indirectly from live or dead parts and cause allelopathic and phytotoxic effects. The aim of the present study was to investigate the allelopathic possibility of ajowan (Carum copticum) extracts in different concentrations on morphological indices (germination and growth) of wheat (Triticum sativum), barley (Hurdeum vulgare), corn (Zea maize S.C 704), and safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) seedlings as proceeding crops and to develop a comprehensive formula for measuring the negative and positive effects of allelochemicals on growth indices such as shoot and root length, as well as the germination percentage on donor plants. It was demonstrated that increasing concentrations of ajowan extracts significantly decreased the Allelopathic Index, percent of germination, and other growth related indices of all seedlings. Based on the proposed Allelopathic Index of experimental plants, it was revealed that ajowan has posed a higher risk to corn and barley especially at the early stages of the growing cycle, while safflower and wheat indicated more tolerance to growth inhibition effects of ajowan in rotational sequence. Key words : Ajowan, allelochemicals, Allelopathic Index, inhibition effects, phytotoxic effects, rotational sequence
Introduction Allelopathy is defined as “Any process involving secondary metabolites produced by plants, micro-organisms, viruses, and fungi that influence the growth and development of agricultural and biological systems, including positive and negative effects” (Torres et al. 1996). Allelopathy covers complex effects of one plant on another that may be mediated by root-exuded or litter-leached plant chemicals and rhizosphere microorganisms (Pellissier 2013). Allelopathy is direct or indirect, has a stimulatory or inhibitory influence on plants by the release of certain secondary metabolites into the environment by other plants (Farooq et al. 2011; Molisch 2001). These secondary metabolites including phenolics, brassinosteroids, jasmonates, salicylate, polyamines, etc., are involved in resistance against several biotic and abiotic stresses (Duke Mostafa Hojatian Far () Email: [email protected]
The Korean Society of Crop Science
2003; Farooq et al. 2009a,
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