Associations Between Parole, Probation, Arrest, and Self-reported Suicide Attempts
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Associations Between Parole, Probation, Arrest, and Self‑reported Suicide Attempts William C. Bryson1,2 · Jennifer Piel1,2 · Stephen Thielke1,3 Received: 18 May 2020 / Accepted: 21 August 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract This study estimated the associations between three categories of recent community criminal justice (CJ) involvement (arrest, parole, and probation) and suicide attempts, while accounting for how the categories overlap. Participants included adults aged ≥ 18 who completed the 2008–2014 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health. The outcome was self-reported suicide attempt(s) in the past 12 months (in the community or while incarcerated). Community CJ involvement included parole, probation, and/or arrest(s) during the past 12 months. Controls with no recent CJ involvement were matched to those with any recent involvement on demographics and education. We calculated the 12-month prevalence of suicide attempts for those reporting recent parole, probation, and arrest, including their overlaps. Logistic regression models estimated the associations between each category of recent CJ involvement and suicide attempts, controlling for their overlapping and covariates. There were 15,462 participants with recent community CJ involvement and 248,520 matched controls. The 12-month prevalence of suicide attempts was 3.2% for those with recent parole, 2.7% for probation, and 3.3% for arrest, which were all greater than the matched controls (1.0%, p
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