Bacillus licheniformis BCR 4-3 increases immune response and survival of Litopenaeus vannamei challenged with Vibrio par
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Bacillus licheniformis BCR 4-3 increases immune response and survival of Litopenaeus vannamei challenged with Vibrio parahaemolyticus IPNGS16 Darío Israel García-Medel 1 & Carlos Angulo 2 & Ruth Escamilla-Montes 3 & Jesús Arturo Fierro-Coronado 3 & Genaro Diarte-Plata 3 & Carina Gámez-Jiménez 3 & Antonio Luna-González 3 Received: 7 April 2020 / Accepted: 4 August 2020/ # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract
Immunoprophylactic alternatives are needed to fight against acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND). This study addressed the effects of different routes of Bacillus administration (via diet or culture water) on growth performance, survival, and immune parameters of Litopenaeus vannamei challenged with Vibrio parahaemolyticus-AHPND. Bacillus mixture and Bacillus licheniformis BCR 4-3 were added to feed (1 × 106 CFU g−1) or rearing water (1 × 106, 2 × 106, 3 × 106 CFU L−1). Animals were challenged with a determined median lethal V. parahaemolyticus concentration. Survival, growth performance, and immune response were determined. The results showed that B. licheniformis BCR 4-3 (3 × 106 CFU L−1) administration via culture water significantly (P < 0.05) increased survival (53.4%) in shrimp challenged with V. parahaemolyticus; growth performance was also significantly (P < 0.05) higher compared to the control group. Moreover, the relative expression of innate immunerelated genes, such as lysozyme, penaeidin4, crustin, and superoxide dismutase, significantly (P < 0.05) upregulated in shrimp fed B. licheniformis BCR4-3 compared with the control group. In conclusion, the administration of probiotic B. licheniformis BCR4-3 in feed and culture water increased resistance in L. vannamei against V. parahaemolyticus-AHPND and was found associated with an upregulation of key antimicrobial innate immune-related genes. Keywords Bacillus . Antimicrobial peptides . Vibrio . Immune response . Shrimp Highlights • Bacillus licheniformis BCR 4-3 in water increased survival of shrimp challenged with V. parahaemolyticus-AHPND. • B. licheniformis BCR 4-3 in diet increased growth performance of shrimp. • Innate immune-related genes were upregulated in shrimp fed B. licheniformis BCR4-3. • B. licheniformis BCR4-3 is an immunoprophylactic alternative against AHPND in shrimp Litopenaeus vanammei.
* Carlos Angulo [email protected] * Antonio Luna-González [email protected] Extended author information available on the last page of the article
Aquaculture International
Introduction In the last decades, aquaculture has become the fastest growing food production sector with an average annual growth rate of 5.8% (Valenti et al. 2011; FAO 2019). This notable growth has been achieved through technological improvements and intensification of production systems. However, shrimp management under high stocking densities leads to strong stress and weakens their immune system (Lin et al. 2015). Consequently, animals become susceptible to infectious diseases with significant production and economic losses (González-Romero et al. 2014). In
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