Biomimetic phosphorylcholine-modified bacterial cellulose membranes with cell fouling resistance
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Biomimetic phosphorylcholine-modified bacterial cellulose membranes with cell fouling resistance Xingxian Wu . Ye He . Guichao Lai . Rong Zeng
. Mei Tu
Received: 13 February 2020 / Accepted: 15 September 2020 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Novel biomimetic zwitterionic phosphorylcholine (PC) modified bacterial cellulose (PCBC) membranes were prepared based on the Pudovik reaction of oxidized BC nanofiber clusters and then solution casting technology. Their chemical structure, morphology, hydrophilicity, mechanical and biocompatible properties were characterized and compared with non-modified BC membranes. The composition and morphology analysis of PCBC membranes confirmed the existence of zwitterionic PC groups on the membrane surfaces, and their nano-fibrous structure was kept. Compared with BC membranes, PCBC membranes exhibited better hydrophilicity, similar
tensile strength, but decreased rupture strain. And PCBC membranes were non-hemolytic and noncytotoxic like BC membranes. The anti-biofouling performance investigation revealed that PCBC membranes with zwitterionic surface showed significantly reduced protein adsorption for bovine serum albumin, as well as inhibited cell attachment for both L929 cells and macrophage RAW 264.7. The results strongly suggested that PCBC membranes with excellent cell fouling resistance are expected to be a promising antiadhesion biomaterial.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-020-03474-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. X. Wu Y. He G. Lai R. Zeng (&) M. Tu Department of Material Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China e-mail: [email protected]
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Cellulose
Graphic abstract
Keywords Bacterial cellulose Biomimetic Phosphorylcholine Antifouling Biocompatibility
Introduction Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a natural polymer material exhibiting a three-dimensional nanofiber network structure and displays many unique properties (Zhang et al. 2019; Phutanon et al. 2019), such as excellent mechanical strength, great water holding capacity and good biocompatibility (Ul-Islam et al. 2019). It is widely used in food industries, electromagnetic materials and biomedicine fields (Pavaloiu et al. 2014). Particularly, a number of methods have been developed to prepare bacterial cellulose-based nanocrystals, hydrogels, membranes and three-dimensional scaffolds for various in vivo biomedical applications (Du et al. 2019; Liu et al. 2020) such as artificial blood vessels (Klemm et al. 2001), implants (Huang et al. 2019), wound dressing (Ye et al. 2019), and biosensors (Lv et al. 2018). It is known that biological fouling is a major bottleneck factor for implant biomaterials (Liu et al. 2019). The non-specific protein adsorption, blood clot formation and cell/bacteria adhesion may cause detrimental complications, even t
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