Bioregulators application improved heat tolerance and yield in chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L.) by modulating zeaxanthin c
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Bioregulators application improved heat tolerance and yield in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) by modulating zeaxanthin cycle Pramod Kumar1 • Sanjay Yadav1 • Madan P. Singh1
Received: 14 August 2020 / Accepted: 24 November 2020 Ó Indian Society for Plant Physiology 2020
Abstract Chickpea is sensitive to heat stress and generally experiences high temperature during reproductive phase. Therefore, terminal heat stress is key constraints for its production. Exogenous application of bioregulators is an option to improve heat tolerance and yield. Therefore, an experiment was carried out using two contrasting Desi type (JG 14) and Kabuli type (Pusa 1108) chickpea varieties with an objective to interlink bioregulators induced heat tolerance with zeaxanthin pigments cycle. Experiment was comprising two main treatments i.e. Normal (18th November) and late (20th December) sown conditions for exposing the crop to high temperature and four sub-treatments (Foliar application of bioregulators viz ABA (10 ppm), BA (40 ppm), SA (100 ppm), thiourea (1000 ppm) and water spray (as control) prior to flowering. Under high temperature condition, reduction in leaf photosynthesis, photosynthetic pigments, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, yield and its attributes was recorded. Foliar application of bioregulators augmented the grain yield by improving the photosynthetic rate (PN), photosynthetic pigments including zeaxanthin, maximum quantum yield of PS II (Fv/Fm), non-photochemical quenching, heat tolerance index, yield attributes and reducing the level of violaxanthin and heat susceptibility index over the control (water) under late sown condition which in turn suggested that bioregulators induced the heat tolerance by activating operation of zeaxanthin pigments cycle in chickpea. Moreover, Kabuli chickpea variety responded
& Pramod Kumar [email protected] 1
Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
better to bioregulators than Desi type particularly under heat stress condition. Keywords Bioregulators Chickpea Heat tolerance Photosynthetic pigments NPQ Yield Zeaxanthin
Introduction Chickpea an important pulse crop, offers healthy food to the world. It is good source of protein and also provides energy, dietary fibres, vitamins, dietary certain dietary minerals and phytochemicals for good health (Wood and Grusak 2007). Chickpea is cultivated throughout the world in around 57 countries under highly diverse environmental conditions. Amongst pulses, chickpea crop upholds important status by having second rank in growing area and third place in its production (Merga and Haji 2019). Globally, India is alone major producer of chickpea, contributing for 65% of the total chickpea production (Merga and Haji 2019). However, chickpea being a Rabi crop, is vulnerable to heat stress (30–35 °C), particularly during flowering (Devasirvatham et al. 2012a, b; Young et al. 2004; Zinn et al. 2010). In India, due to late harvesting of preceding crops, delayed sown
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