Boron lack affects the anatomy of leaf, stem and root of cherry tomato
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Boron lack affects the anatomy of leaf, stem and root of cherry tomato Walas Permanhane Sturião1 · Herminia Emilia Prieto Martinez1 · Carla do Carmo Milagres1 · Iza Paula de Carvalho Lopes1 · Júnia Maria Clemente1 · Marília Contin Ventrella2 · Paulo Roberto Cecon3 Received: 14 August 2019 / Revised: 26 February 2020 / Accepted: 30 March 2020 © Botanical Society of Sao Paulo 2020
Abstract Boron is one of the most limiting micronutrients to the good development and production of tomato, and the damage intensity varies with the cultivars, their phenological stages and the environmental conditions. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of boron concentrations in nutrient solution on agronomic performance and possible morpho-anatomical changes in leaves, stems, roots and fruit production of the cherry tomato cultivated in a hydroponic system. The experiment consisted of four concentrations of boron (1.0; 10.0; 25.0; and 50.0 μmol L −1) and plants evaluation at different phenological stages: 43, 53, 66 and 84 days after sowing. The concentration of 1 μmol L −1 boron in nutrient solution caused the greatest limitation to the growth and development of the tomato, from the vegetative stage, with aggravation of damage in the subsequent stages. The anatomical alterations in the leaf, stem and root tissues became more conspicuous with the advancement of the phenological stages, preventing fruit production. The estimated dose of 35 μmol L −1 boron results in the best growth and production of the tomato ‘Iracema.’ Keywords Micronutrient · Nutrient solution hydroponics · Plant nutrition · Solanum lycopersicum L.
1 Introduction Boron (B) is a micronutrient that affects biochemical functions in several metabolic processes. It is required for proper development of plants and is fundamental to the production and quality of the final product, especially regarding vegetable crops (Marschner 2012; Choi et al. 2015). The main known function of this micronutrient is related to the synthesis, constitution and regulation of cell walls and membranes, which characterizes its structural function and insignificant phloem redistribution (Bolaños et al. 2004). B deficiency in plants primarily causes metabolic, morphological and anatomical changes (Liu et al. 2014; Milagres
* Carla do Carmo Milagres [email protected] 1
Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Viçosa, MG 36570‑000, Brazil
2
Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Viçosa, MG 36570‑000, Brazil
3
Departamento de Estatística, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Viçosa, MG 36570‑000, Brazil
et al. 2019), then it results in symptoms at morphological level, which also compromises fruit yield and most of fruit quality (White and Broadley 2003; Fontes 2011). Because of the rapid development of tomato and the low transpiration rate of buds and fruits compared with leaves (Kinet and Peet 2006), the lack of B is resp
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