Cancer stem cell markers in adenocarcinoma of the salivary glands - reliable prognostic markers?

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Cancer stem cell markers in adenocarcinoma of the salivary glands ‑ reliable prognostic markers? Jennifer L. Spiegel1   · Mark Jakob1   · Marie Kruizenga2 · Saskia Freytag3 · Mattis Bertlich1 · Martin Canis1 · Friedrich Ihler1,4   · Frank Haubner1   · Julia Kitz5   · Bernhard G. Weiss1  Received: 14 June 2020 / Accepted: 16 September 2020 © The Author(s) 2020

Abstract Purpose  Adenocarcinoma of the salivary glands is of low incidence and a broad range of histopathological subtypes. Cancer stem cell markers (CSC) might serve as novel prognostic parameters. To date, only a few studies examined the expression of CSC in adenocarcinoma of the salivary glands with diverging results. To further investigate the reliability in terms of prognostic value, a histopathological analysis of CSCs on a cohort of patients with adenocarcinomas of the major salivary glands was performed. Methods  Tumor samples of 40 consecutive patients with adenocarcinoma of the major salivary gland treated with curative intend at one tertiary center were stained with the CSCs ALDH1, BMI-1, CD44, Nanog, and SOX2. Expression of these markers was correlated with clinicopathological parameters and survival estimates. Results  Correlation of high expression of ALDH1 with higher grading (p