Carbon dioxide conversion into the reaction intermediate sodium formate for the synthesis of formic acid
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Carbon dioxide conversion into the reaction intermediate sodium formate for the synthesis of formic acid Muhammad Hanan Masood1 · Noor Haleem1 · Iqra Shakeel1,2 · Yousuf Jamal1 Received: 9 April 2020 / Accepted: 20 August 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Increased carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from anthropogenic activities are a contributing factor to the growing global warming worldwide. The economical method to recover and effectively reuse CO2 is through adsorption and absorption. In this study, CO2 is absorbed into the solution of sodium hydroxide having various concentrations (0.01, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 3.0 and 5.0 N), and the impact of the solution pH on the various product formation was observed. The resultant products formed at different pH of the absorbing solution are sodium carbonate at pH 10, Trona at pH 9, and sodium hydrogen carbonate at pH 8. The products formed are confirmed through X-ray diffraction analysis. After pH optimization, the sodium hydrogen carbonate formed at pH 8 is converted into sodium formate through hydrogenation in the presence of nickel ferrite catalyst at 80 °C and atmospheric pressure. The sodium formate produced is then used as a precursor to synthesize formic acid upon simple reaction with sulfuric acid. A reaction % age yield of 79 ± 0.2% formic acid is noted. Condensed formic acid vapors are later analyzed, using a high performance liquid chromatography for the qualitative analysis. Keywords Carbon dioxide absorption · Sodium carbonate · Sodium hydrogen carbonate · Sodium formate · Nickel ferrite · Formic acid
* Yousuf Jamal [email protected] 1
Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (IESE), School of Civil and Environmental Engineering (SCEE), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Sector H‑12, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
2
School of Chemical and Materials Engineering (SCME), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Sector H‑12, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
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Introduction CO2 from industrial, transportation and other anthropogenic activities is increasing all over the world causing global warming. CO2 in the atmosphere, mostly comes from the generation of electricity from coal, furnace oil, diesel and gasoline burning at industries along with biomass burning by humans [1]. CO2 is one of the greenhouse gases and is a major concern to the environment. With the increase in population and modernization in lifestyle, energy demand is continually increasing. To meet these energy demands, many industrial processes are carried out on a daily basis [2, 3]. The reported threshold concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is 350 ppm [4], but due to an increase in energy generation, this value is increasing daily. It has been reported that between 1880 and 2012, the overall average temperature of the globe has increased by 0.85° C [5]. Furthermore, carbon dioxide gas emissions are affecting human life on earth in the form of irregular weather patterns, polar ice
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