Characterization of 16SrII group phytoplasma associated with sesame phyllody disease in different cropping seasons
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Characterization of 16SrII group phytoplasma associated with sesame phyllody disease in different cropping seasons Pramesh Devanna1 · M. K. Naik1 · Reddy Bharath1 · K. V. Bhat2 · P. Madupriya3 Received: 16 August 2018 / Revised: 8 February 2020 / Accepted: 27 February 2020 © Indian Phytopathological Society 2020
Abstract A survey was conducted in the sesame fields of Karnataka, India during April–June 2010 (summer) and in Telangana State, Maharashtra and Karnataka during July–September 2010 (Kharif). In summer, disease incidence of 18.57–31.6% was recorded, whereas, in Kharif, incidence of 44.66–68%, 13–47.14% and 32.14% was recorded in Telangana State, Karnataka and Maharashtra respectively. Three symptomatic and two non-symptomatic samples from summer crop and sixteen symptomatic and two non symptomatic samples from Kharif season fields were collected. The disease etiology was confirmed using nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with phytoplasma universal primers P1/P7 followed by R16F2n/R16R2 which amplified ~ 1.8 and ~ 1.25 kb in the 16SrDNA gene. The BLAST and phylogenetic analysis of 16S rDNA gene further revealed that phytoplasma associated with phyllody disease in both the season were belonged to peanut witches’ broom group (16SrII). Further, iPhyClassifier analysis of 1.25 kb product of 16S rDNA sequence classified the isolates into 16SrII-A and 16SrII-D subgroups. All summer crop isolates were classified under 16SrII-D subgroup whereas; Kharif season isolates were grouped under 16SrII-A and 16SrII-D group. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the distinct subgroup-wise as well as season-wise clustering pattern where subgroup 16SrII-A and 16SrII-D clustered separately and summer and Kharif season isolates clustered separately. Our study reports that the sesame phyllody disease in Kharif season is caused by the taxonomically distinct strains (16SrII-A and 16SrII-D) whereas, in the summer crop, it is associated with 16SrII-D subgroup alone. Keywords Sesame phyllody · Phytoplasma · 16SrII-A and 16SrII-D · Telangana State · Maharashtra · Karnataka
Introduction Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is an important oil seed crop grown in India. In India, it is grown on 1.9 million hectares of land area, ranking first in area and second in production after China (FAOSTAT 2013). In spite of its major share in area and production, the productivity is very low in India (0.33 tons/ha) compare to the other Asian countries due to narrow genetic base of the Indian cultivars and also due to various biotic stresses (Rao et al. 2015). Among the different biotic constraints, phyllody disease caused by phytoplasma * Pramesh Devanna [email protected] 1
Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur 584 103, India
2
ICAR-National Research Centre for DNA Finger Printing, New Delhi 110 012, India
3
ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
causes yield loss up to 100% under severe incidence (Sarwar and Haq 2006). In India, phytoplasma associat
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