Characterization of the bacterial communities associated with biofilters in two full-scale recirculating aquaculture sys
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Characterization of the bacterial communities associated with biofilters in two full-scale recirculating aquaculture systems* MA Yuexin1, **, DU Xin1, 2, LIU Yubin1, ZHANG Tao3, WANG Yue3, ZHANG Saisai1, 2 1
Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture, Ministry of Education, Dalian 116023, China
2
Dalian Modern Agricultural Production Development Service Center, Dalian 116023, China
3
Dalian Tianzheng Industry Company Limited, Dalian 116011, China
Received Mar. 10, 2020; accepted in principle Apr. 23, 2020; accepted for publication Jun. 15, 2020 © Chinese Society for Oceanology and Limnology, Science Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Bacteria play a major role in metabolizing ammonia and other metabolites in recirculating aquaculture systems (RASs). To characterize and compare the bacterial communities in the biofilters of two full-scale RASs for the culture of puffer fish, Takifugu rubripes, at different ages and densities were studied. In overall, 47 807 optimized reads of the 16S rRNA gene with V4–V5 region were obtained from four biofilm samples collected after biofilm maturation. At 97% cut-off level, these sequences were clustered into 500 operational taxonomic units, and were classified into 19 bacterial phyla and 138 genera. At the phylum level, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were the most abundant, followed by Nitrospirae and Planctomycetes. At the genus level, Colwellia, Marinifilum, Oceanospirillum, Lutibacter, Winogradskyella, Pseudoalteromonas, Arcobacter, and Phaeobacter were the top members. Nitrosomonas and Nitrospira were main ammonia- and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria. Differences in bacterial communities at different sampling dates and similarities of both biofilters were revealed in the Venn diagram and cluster analysis. Maintaining a good water quality and health of farmed fish in RASs depended on the correct management of the bacterial communities. This study provides more accurate information on the bacterial communities associated with the bifilters of both RASs. Keyword: biofilters; bacterial community; recirculating aquaculture system; Illumina-MiSeq sequencing
1 INTRODUCTION Recirculating aquaculture systems (RASs) have been widely applied in fish production (Sakami et al., 2012; Chen et al., 2013; Ruan et al., 2015; Huang et al., 2016; Rud et al., 2017) because RASs can minimize water requirements, discharge less of better treatable wastes and improve biosecurity (Itoi et al., 2006; Martins et al., 2010; Schreier et al., 2010; Rurangwa and Verdegem, 2015; Keuter et al., 2017). Moreover, RASs provide fish with optimal water quality through recycling thus offering the possibility to optimize feed utilization and to achieve high productions of healthy fish in controlled conditions (Rurangwa and Verdegem, 2015). In general, biofilter is an indispensable unit for RASs to maintain their water quality, which provides a fixed medium for microbial attachment and growth. Microorganisms
within a biofilm formed on the surface of media play a major role in the o
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