Chitosan and corn stover derivative bioadsorbent: characterization and application in hexavalent chromium adsorption pro
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Chitosan and corn stover derivative bioadsorbent: characterization and application in hexavalent chromium adsorption processes Jose´ Carlos de Andrade Neto . Gilberto Jose´ Pereira . Andreia de Arau´jo Morandim-Giannetti
Received: 24 December 2019 / Accepted: 14 May 2020 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Several studies related to effluents treatment containing heavy metals have been developed, especially those that enable the application of lignocellulosic residues and natural polymers as well as chitosan to obtain adsorbents. In this study, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) was obtained from corn stover to react with chitosan (CH) and ferulic acid (F) to synthesize a bioadsorbent (CMCCHF). This biomaterial was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance. The ideal application condition of CMCCHF in the hexavalent chromium adsorption process was established resulting in a pH of 3.0, 60 min of contact time, and 20 °C of temperature by a physisorption process, according to the pseudo-second order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm model, respectively. The results showed a maximum adsorption capacity of 80.31 ± 0.67 mg
J. C. de Andrade Neto A. A. Morandim-Giannetti (&) Department of Chemical Engineering, Centro Universita´rio FEI, Av. Humberto de Alencar Castelo Branco, 3972, Sa˜o Bernardo do Campo, Sa˜o Paulo CEP 09850-901, Brazil e-mail: [email protected] G. J. Pereira Department of Materials Engineering, Centro Universita´rio FEI, Av. Humberto de Alencar Castelo Branco, 3972, Sa˜o Bernardo do Campo, Sa˜o Paulo CEP 09850-901, Brazil
g-1 for the bioadsorbent CMCCHF and 55.04 ± 0.84 mg g-1 for chitosan, which suggests an increase in the adsorption capacity of approximately 46%. A decrease in the solubilization of the adsorbent in acid medium was also observed when compared to chitosan, which favors its application in low pH adsorption processes. Keywords Bioadsorbent Biosorption Lignocellulosic residues Chitosan derivative Hexavalent chromium
Introduction Due to an increase in industrial activities, the production of effluents contaminated with several residues, as well as heavy metals, has grown significantly. These effluents are responsible for contaminating water and soil, whereas they may contain excessive amounts of organic and inorganic substances harmful to the environment and human beings (Ren et al. 2019; Jobby et al. 2018; Ihsanullah et al. 2017). Among the possible contaminants, heavy metal ions lead to a worldwide concern due to their high toxicity, high solubility in water, and bioaccumulation (Gao et al. 2019; Luz-Asuncio´n et al. 2019; Cunha et al. 2018). Even in low concentrations, they can cause severe damage to the environment when present in industrial effluents such as fertilizers, pesticides,
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Cellulose
metallurgy, textile, dyes, paints, and varnishes (Dong et al. 2019; Bura
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