Comparison of Two Methods for Counting Molds in Fermentations Using the Production of Bikaverin by Fusarium oxysporum CC
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Comparison of Two Methods for Counting Molds in Fermentations Using the Production of Bikaverin by Fusarium oxysporum CCT7620 as a Model Marcela Colombo dos Santos1 · Wesley Santiago da Silva2 · Bianca Ferreira da Silva3 · Marcel Otavio Cerri2,4 · Marcelo Perencin de Arruda Ribeiro5 · Juliano Lemos Bicas1,2 Received: 9 December 2019 / Accepted: 11 August 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The dry cell weight (DCW) measurement is one of the preferred methods to determine the growth of filamentous fungi. However, this technique is not applicable to insoluble culture media, besides being possibly influenced by the presence of extracellular biomass. The standard plate counting (SPC) is a reference method for detecting viable cells; however, it is referred as imprecise. In this study, we did a comprehensive analysis of the errors associated to each procedure and also determined the growth kinetics of Fusarium oxysporum in soluble (DCW and SPC) and insoluble (SPC) culture media. Finally, we used the production of bikaverin in airlift bioreactor containing insoluble medium as a case study to estimate red pigment production and to monitor biomass growth via SPC. We concluded that SPC can be used to give reliable fungal growth kinetics in media with insoluble matter, yielding errors equivalent to DCW depending on the number of replicates done for serial dilutions and plate counting.
Introduction The genus Fusarium is known to produce reddish pigments, one of the most studied being bikaverin, whose producing genes and their regulation have already been reported [1]. Bikaverin is a polyketide of great biotechnological interest due to its antibiotic activity against the protozoan Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-020-02166-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Juliano Lemos Bicas [email protected] 1
Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos, Department of Food Science, University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, Campinas, SP, Brazil
2
Federal University of São João Del-Rei. Ouro Branco, Campus Alto Paraopeba, São João Del‑Rei, MG, Brazil
3
Department of Analytical Chemistry, UNESP Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
4
Department of Bioprocess and Biotechnology, UNESP Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
5
Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of São Carlos, UFSCar, São João Del‑Rei, SP, Brazil
Leishmania braziliensis [2], the oomycete Phytophthora infestans [3] and the nematoid Bursaphelenchus xylophilus [4], besides its inhibitory effect against different tumor cells, such as the pancreatic carcinoma (MIA Pa Ca-2) [5]. In submerged fermentations, microbial growth is usually determined by direct methods, such as colony forming unit (CFU) counting or dry cell weight (DCW) determination [6]. However, monitoring microbial growth in solid state fermentation (SSF) or submerged fermentations with particul
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