Continuous Cover Forestry
Although the majority of the world’s forest ecosystems are dominated by uneven-sized multi-species stands, forest management practice and theory has focused on the development of plantation monocultures to maximize the supply of timber at low cost. Societ
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Managing Forest Ecosystems Volume 23
Series Editors: Klaus von Gadow Georg-August-University, G¨ottingen, Germany
Timo Pukkala University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland and
Margarida Tom´e Instituto Superior de Agronom´ıa, Lisbon, Portugal
Aims & Scope: Well-managed forests and woodlands are a renewable resource, producing essential raw material with minimum waste and energy use. Rich in habitat and species diversity, forests may contribute to increased ecosystem stability. They can absorb the effects of unwanted deposition and other disturbances and protect neighbouring ecosystems by maintaining stable nutrient and energy cycles and by preventing soil degradation and erosion. They provide much-needed recreation and their continued existence contributes to stabilizing rural communities. Forests are managed for timber production and species, habitat and process conservation. A subtle shift from multiple-use management to ecosystems management is being observed and the new ecological perspective of multi-functional forest management is based on the principles of ecosystem diversity, stability and elasticity, and the dynamic equilibrium of primary and secondary production. Making full use of new technology is one of the challenges facing forest management today. Resource information must be obtained with a limited budget. This requires better timing of resource assessment activities and improved use of multiple data sources. Sound ecosystems management, like any other management activity, relies on effective forecasting and operational control. The aim of the book series Managing Forest Ecosystems is to present state-of-the-art research results relating to the practice of forest management. Contributions are solicited from prominent authors. Each reference book, monograph or proceedings volume will be focused to deal with a specific context. Typical issues of the series are: resource assessment techniques, evaluating sustainability for even-aged and uneven-aged forests, multi-objective management, predicting forest development, optimizing forest management, biodiversity management and monitoring, risk assessment and economic analysis.
For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/6247
Timo Pukkala Klaus von Gadow
Editors
Continuous Cover Forestry Second Edition
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Editors Timo Pukkala University of Eastern Finland School of Forest Sciences Yliopistokatu 7 80100 Joensuu Finland [email protected]
Klaus von Gadow Georg-August-University G¨ottingen Burckhardt-Institute Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology B¨usgenweg 5 37077 G¨ottingen Germany [email protected]
ISSN 1568-1319 e-ISSN 1568-1319 ISBN 978-94-007-2201-9 e-ISBN 978-94-007-2202-6 DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-2202-6 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2011 940776 © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2012 No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or other
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