Copper Nanoparticles as Growth Promoter, Antioxidant and Anti-Bacterial Agents in Poultry Nutrition: Prospects and Futur
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Copper Nanoparticles as Growth Promoter, Antioxidant and Anti-Bacterial Agents in Poultry Nutrition: Prospects and Future Implications Muhammad Sharif 1
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Muhammad Aziz-ur Rahman 1
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Bilal Ahmed 1
&
Rao Zahid Abbas 2
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Faiz-ul Hassan 1
Received: 4 September 2020 / Accepted: 8 November 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Copper (Cu) is a vital trace mineral involved in many physiological functions of the body. In the poultry industry, copper sulfate is being used as a major source of Cu. Copper in the bulk form is less available in the body, and much of its amount excreted out with feces causing environmental pollution and economic loss. The application of nanotechnology offers promise to address these issues by making nanoparticles. Copper nanoparticles (Cu-NP) are relatively more bioavailable due to their small size and high surface to volume ratio. Although, there is limited research on the use of Cu-NP in the poultry industry. Some researchers have pointed out the importance of Cu-NP as an effective alternative of chemical, anti-bacterial agents, and growth promoters. The effect of Cu-NP depends on their size, dose rate and the synthesis method. Apart from there, high bioavailability Cu-NP exhibited positive effects on the immunity of the birds. However, some toxic effects of Cu-NP have also been reported. Further investigations are essentially required to provide mechanistic insights into the role of Cu-NP in the avian physiology and their toxicological properties. This review aims to highlight the potential effects of Cu-NP on growth, immune system, antioxidant status, nutrient digestibility, and feed conversion ratio in poultry. Moreover, we have also discussed the future implications of CuNP as a growth promoter and alternative anti-bacterial agents in the poultry industry. Keywords Copper . Nanoparticles . Bioavailability . Poultry . Growth . Antioxidant
Introduction Copper (Cu) is an essential trace mineral required for the proper physiological functioning of the body [1]. Copper can accept and transfer electrons, so it is usually found in
* Faiz-ul Hassan [email protected] Muhammad Sharif [email protected] Muhammad Aziz-ur Rahman [email protected] Bilal Ahmed [email protected] Rao Zahid Abbas [email protected] 1
Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
2
Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
oxidized or reduced forms in the body. Due to this property, Cu forms active centers of several enzymes that play an important role in the normal functioning of the body like superoxide dismutase 1 & 3, bilirubin oxidase, and catechol oxidase [2, 3]. From stomach to distal small intestine is the main absorptive site of dietary Cu [4]. This absorption may be endocytic, pinocytic, or it may also be taken up by actively with the help of special proteins divalent metal transporter-I (DMT1) and Copper transporters-I (CTR1) [4]. As Cu is a transition element, it is
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