Correlates of health-related quality of life, psychological well-being, and eating self-regulation after successful weig
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Correlates of health-related quality of life, psychological well-being, and eating self-regulation after successful weight loss maintenance Paulo N. Vieira • Marlene N. Silva • Jutta Mata • Sı´lvia R. Coutinho • Teresa C. Santos • Luı´s B. Sardinha Pedro J. Teixeira
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Received: November 5, 2011 / Accepted: August 21, 2012 Ó Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012
Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate health-related quality of life and other psychosocial characteristics, including eating self-regulation and body image, in a group of successful long-term weight loss maintainers. Women enrolled in the Portuguese Weight Control Registry (n = 107) were matched and compared to women at the end of a behavior weight loss treatment program (n = 107), and also with women in the community who were not trying to lose weight (n = 107). Successful maintainers displayed higher quality of life and a more positive profile in selected eating and exercise markers of self-regulation compared to similarly-weighed women not attempting weight loss, but not when compared to the ‘weight loss treatment’ group. However, results also suggest that concerns with body shape and size may persist after weight loss and that some aspects of well-being and eating self-regulation can be more successfully targeted in specific weight loss programs. Keywords Quality of life Well-being Eating self-regulation Weight loss maintenance Obesity Overweight women
Introduction Obesity has become one of the most important public health problems of this century. Obesity negatively affects
P. N. Vieira M. N. Silva J. Mata S. R. Coutinho T. C. Santos L. B. Sardinha P. J. Teixeira (&) Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Human Performance, Faculty of Human Kinetics, Technical University of Lisbon, Estrada da Costa, 1495-688 Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal e-mail: [email protected]
quality of life (Wyatt et al., 2006), and may contribute to higher rates of anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem (Dallman et al., 2003; Kottke et al., 2003) due to social values and norms that promote social stigma against obese individuals. Failure to maintain initial weight loss over the longterm is common in obesity treatment (Jeffery et al., 2000). Still, about 20 % of overweight individuals who try to lose weight are successful in the long run (Wing & Phelan, 2005). Research from the National Weight Control Registry, an ongoing longitudinal study of US adults who have lost more than 30 lb (13.6 kg) and kept this weight loss off for at least one year (Klem et al., 1997) showed that losing a substantial amount of weight and successfully maintaining that weight loss is possible. In fact, the first year of maintaining weight loss maintenance may be the hardest: Individuals succeeding in maintaining their weight loss for two or more years increase the odds by more than 50 % of achieving their goal in the long term (McGuire et al., 1999). Early investigations pointed out that maintaining longterm weight loss could be associated with an increased
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