Cultivable bacterial communities associated with the salivary gland of Aedes aegypti
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE
Cultivable bacterial communities associated with the salivary gland of Aedes aegypti Sivaraman Balaji 1 & Subramani Gnana Shekaran 1 & Solai Ramatchandirane Prabagaran 1 Received: 22 July 2020 / Accepted: 6 October 2020 # African Association of Insect Scientists 2020
Abstract Rapid spread of vector borne diseases, especially through mosquitoes is in alarming rise worldwide. Among mosquitoes, Aedes aegypti is a major vector transmitting arboviruses such as dengue and zika to human population. The ineffectiveness of control measures against these arboviruses has necessitated alternate strategies to curb disease transmission. Recent studies show that symbiotic bacteria from insects hinder pathogen transmission by altering vector competence. Therefore, analyzing the bacterial communities of mosquitoes is essential to identify potential bacteria that play a critical role in vector competence. Salivary gland, a key organ in viral transmission however, is minimally explored towards their microbiota. In this study, we have screened 28 bacterial isolates from salivary glands of non-blood fed (NBF) and blood fed (BF) female Ae. aegypti, collected from the field population of Coimbatore, India. Among them, 11 bacterial species from distinct genera belonging to three major phyla; Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria were identified through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Interestingly, the differences in bacterial species associated with salivary glands were clearly discernible. This suggests that the dynamics of bacterial population after blood feeding is not restricted to the mosquito gut, but envisioned in the salivary glands as well. Overall, the results shed more light into the understating on salivary glands microbiota of dreadful vector Ae. aegypti. Keywords Aedes aegypti . Salivary glands . Microbiota . 16S rRNA gene . Arboviruses . Bacterial communities
Introduction Aedes aegypti is one of the menacing mosquito species on the planet Earth. This vector transmits devastating arboviruses such as, dengue (DENV), chikungunya (CHIKV), zika (ZIKV), west nile (WNV) and yellow fever viruses (YFV) to humans and other vertebrates (Guzman et al. 2010; Weaver and Reisen 2010; Kraemer et al. 2015; MartÃnez De Salazar et al. 2016). Among these, occurrence of DENV has a widespread beyond 100 countries, since its first reported outbreak in 1927, than any other mosquito borne virus (Guzman et al. 2010). Consequently, the global incidence of dengue has significantly increased, where 390 million people have been estimated to be at the risk of dengue infection every year (Bhatt et al. 2013). While accessible vaccines are under paucity for most of these mosquito borne viruses, vector control is * Solai Ramatchandirane Prabagaran [email protected] 1
Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641046, India
often resorted as ultimate means to curb disease transmission. Amidst rapid urbanization and conducive environment created by anthropo
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