Decellularization of human dermis using non-denaturing anionic detergent and endonuclease: a review
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REVIEW PAPER
Decellularization of human dermis using non-denaturing anionic detergent and endonuclease: a review Mark A. Moore • Brian Samsell • Glenna Wallis • Sherry Triplett • Silvia Chen • Alyce Linthurst Jones Xiaofei Qin
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Received: 24 March 2014 / Accepted: 9 August 2014 Ó The Author(s) 2014. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com
Abstract Decellularized human dermis has been used for a number of clinical applications including wound healing, soft tissue reconstruction, and sports medicine procedures. A variety of methods exist to prepare this useful class of biomaterial. Here, we describe a decellularization technology (MatrACELLÒ) utilizing a non-denaturing anionic detergent, N-Lauroyl sarcosinate, and endonuclease, which was developed to remove potentially immunogenic material while retaining biomechanical properties. Effective decellularization was demonstrated by a residual DNA content of B4 ng/mg of wet weight which represented[97 % DNA removal compared to unprocessed dermis. Two millimeter thick MatrACELL processed human acellular dermal matrix (MH-ADM) exhibited average ultimate tensile load to failure of 635.4 ± 199.9 N and average suture retention strength of 134.9 ± 55.1 N. Using an in vivo mouse skin excisional model, MH-ADM was shown to be biocompatible and capable of supporting cellular and vascular in-growth. Finally, clinical studies of MHADM in variety of applications suggest it can be an appropriate scaffold for wound healing, soft tissue reconstruction, and soft tissue augmentation.
M. A. Moore (&) B. Samsell G. Wallis S. Triplett S. Chen A. L. Jones X. Qin Institute of Regenerative Medicine, LifeNet Health, 1864 Concert Drive, Virginia Beach, VA 23453, USA e-mail: [email protected]
Keywords Allograft Homograft Dermis Decellularized Acellular dermal matrix MatrACELL
Introduction Decellularization technology has been utilized to remove cellular components in a variety of soft tissues including cardiovascular allograft and human dermal matrix to produce bio-implants for clinical application. The objectives of the decellularization process are to remove potentially immunogenic material and provide a biocompatible scaffold for host cellular and vascular in-growth (Norton and Babensee 2009). Following decellularization, the remaining extracellular matrix can also be used as a scaffold for tissue engineering (Pellegata et al. 2013). Decellularized cardiovascular tissue has been applied in a variety of in vivo applications (Ketchedjian et al. 2005a, b; Hopkins et al. 2009; Elkins et al. 2001a, b; Sievers et al. 2003; Simon et al. 2003; Hawkins et al. 2003; Bechtel et al. 2003, 2005; Kasimir et al. 2006; Steinhoff et al. 2000; Cebotari et al. 2002). Similarly, human acellular dermal matrix (ADM) has been used for wound healing, soft tissue reconstruction, and sports medicine applications. Specifically, human ADM has been reported to be used clinically for repair of rotator cuff tears (Wong et al. 2010; Snyder and Bone 2007; Barber et
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