Designing a magnetic inductive micro-electrode for virus monitoring: modelling and feasibility for hepatitis B virus
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Designing a magnetic inductive micro-electrode for virus monitoring: modelling and feasibility for hepatitis B virus Elias Alipour 1 & Seyed Peyman Shariatpanahi 1 & Hedayatollah Ghourchian 1 Seyed Mehdi Boutorabi 4 & Sergey L. Znoyko 5 & Petr I. Nikitin 5
&
Benoit Piro 2 & Morteza Fathipour 3 &
Received: 4 April 2020 / Accepted: 6 July 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract A simple model is designed for an inductive immunosensor in which the magnetic particles are attached to the bioreceptors to form a sandwich on the surface of an inductor. The inductor consists of a coil covered on a silicon oxide wafer. The coil comprises 250 turns of a planar gold wire, which is approximately 200 nm thick and 392 mm long, placed in a circle with a diameter of 2 mm. The model is well characterised by controlling the geometrical and electrical parameters and also the permeability of the magnetic material. To evaluate the feasibility of the model for virus monitoring, a novel inductive immunosensor is designed and for the first time applied for the detection of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). At first, Fab′ segment of primary anti-HBsAg is immobilised on the coil. Then, the coil is exposed to HBsAg and the complex is introduced to a secondary antibody conjugated with magnetic particles to form an immune-sandwich. Finally, the influence of magnetic particles on the coil inductance is recorded and used as a signal for HBsAg detection. The magnetic inductive immunosensor showed specific responses toward HBsAg with the detection limit of 1 ng mL−1, linear range of 1 to 200 ng mL−1, and a sensitivity of 6 × 10−4 mL ng−1. The experimental results showed a very good agreement with simulation data indicating the compatibility of sensor sensitivity to the expected theoretical values. Keywords Virus monitoring . Spiral inductor . Inductive immunosensor . Magnetic nanoparticles . Hepatitis B surface antigen
Introduction There are different transducers such as electrochemical, optical or piezoelectric and diversity of recognition elements like enzyme, antibody or nucleic acid–based probe to be intimately integrated and make biosensors [1–7]. Speed of detection,
* Hedayatollah Ghourchian [email protected] 1
Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, P. O. Box 13145-1384, Tehran, Iran
2
Université de Paris, ITODYS, CNRS, F-75006 Paris, France
3
MEMS & NEMES Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran, North kargar Ave., Tehran, Iran
4
Pishtazteb Medical Co, Tehran 1494734463, Iran
5
Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 38 Vavilov St, Moscow, Russia 119991
sample volume, simplicity, specificity, portability, sensitivity and cheapness are the most important factors to design and commercialise a worthy biosensor [7–10]. Over the past few decades, there has been tremendous interest in developing the biosystem as point-of-care or wearable biosensors to be used for early dia
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