Determinants of migration decision-making for rural households: a case study in Chongqing, China
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Determinants of migration decision‑making for rural households: a case study in Chongqing, China Sihong Xiong1,2 · Ya Wu1 · Shihai Wu1 · Fang Chen3 · Jianzhong Yan1 Received: 13 December 2019 / Accepted: 20 August 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Migration is a global strategy for promoting economic growth and sustainable urbanization, specifically in developing countries. It is critical for governments to understand the determinants of migration decision for rural households so that proper migration measures can be taken. Different from previous studies that mainly focus on migration determinants without considering migration patterns, this paper divides migration patterns into three types—no migration, labor migration, and family migration, and examines the determinants for “no migration–migration” and “labor migration–family migration,” respectively. The binary logistic model is adopted to analyze the impacts of various migration factors in Chongqing city. Results show that: (1) per capita non-agricultural income plays the most significant positive role in driving “no migration–migration.” This is followed by the number of household labor force, whereas road accessibility is the key factor for inhibiting migration. (2) The key contributory factor for “labor migration–family migration” is per capita non-agricultural income. This is followed by the residential distance from towns, whereas the number of household labor force and the average age of labor force are restraining factors. The research results can effectively provide scientific reference for local governments to advance the transfer of the surplus rural labor force to promote sustainable urbanization. Keywords Sustainable urbanization · Labor migration · Family migration · Determinants · Binary logistic model · Chongqing
1 Introduction In the pursuit of economic growth and social development, the entire world is involved in massive urbanization, in tandem with large rural-to-urban migrations. According to the World Migration Report 2018, issued jointly by the International Organization for Migration (IOM) and the Center for China and Globalization (CCG), the number of global migrants increased from 153 million in 1990 to 244 million in 2015. Owing to the fact that migration is one of the most powerful ways for poor people to raise incomes and promote * Ya Wu [email protected] Extended author information available on the last page of the article
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living standards (Gibson et al. 2016), the rural-to-urban migration will continue in the coming years, and particularly in developing countries such as China. In fact, as the largest developing country, China has witnessed unparalleled urbanization and industrialization over the past few decades, which has provided substantial employment opportunities in secondary and tertiary industries for the rural labor forces, and consequently triggered large-scale migration of the rural population (Ma and Tang 2019). According to the estimates by Chan (2013), approximat
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