Determination of Trace Element Accumulation in Gonads of Rutilus kutum (Kamensky, 1901) from the South Caspian Sea Trace
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Determination of Trace Element Accumulation in Gonads of Rutilus kutum (Kamensky, 1901) from the South Caspian Sea Trace Element Contaminations in Gonads Masoud Sattari1,2 • Javid Imanpour Namin1 • Mehdi Bibak1 • Mohammad Forouhar Vajargah1 • Shima Bakhshalizadeh2 • Caterina Faggio3
Received: 9 April 2019 / Revised: 9 October 2019 / Accepted: 23 October 2019 The National Academy of Sciences, India 2019
Abstract Caspian kutum, Rutilus kutum Kamensky 1901, is a commercially important fish species in the southern basins of the Caspian Sea. In spite of the popularity and consumption of the gonads, muscles, and viscera of kutum as edible parts in the region, there is no report on concentrations of trace elements (TE) in its gonads. In this study, some 51 specimens of R. kutum caught from five different fishing regions (Astara, Anzali, Kiashahr, Sari, and Gorgan) in the southern shoreline of the Caspian Sea from September 2017 to January 2018. An inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) was used to assay 36 element concentrations in fish gonads, but only 26 elements were detected and statistically analyzed. The concentration of elements in gonads (except for Ca, Sn, and Sr) did not exhibit significant differences between the eastern and western parts (p \ 0.05) of the Caspian Sea. The Ca and Sr concentrations were higher in western parts (Astara, Anzali, and Kiashahr) than in eastern parts (Sari and Gorgan), while Sn showed higher levels in eastern as compared to western parts. In total, the element concentrations in this study were not higher than thresholds
Significance Statement The gonad of fish is used as food in Iran, and this study was proposed to investigate the trace element in gonads and to determine the accumulation of trace elements in it. & Masoud Sattari [email protected] 1
Fisheries Department, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Sowmeh Sara, Iran
2
Department of Marine Sciences, Caspian Sea Basin Research Center, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
3
Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
permitted by FAO/WHO and USFDA and pose no threat to human health. Keywords Rutilus kutum Caspian Sea Heavy metals Trace elements Human health
Introduction Aquatic environment pollution due to the disposal of trace elements (TEs) has been an increasing concern all around the world [1]. TEs are increasingly released into aquatic habitats from geological and anthropogenic sources [2]. Heavy metal contamination in aquatic ecosystems has raised serious attention worldwide, and several studies have been dealt with a concentration of TEs in aquatic systems [3]. TEs may accumulate to toxic levels under certain circumstances and cause damage in an ecosystem [4]. TEs such as Fe, Cu, Zn, and Mn are essential metals since they play an important role in biological systems, while nonessential elements such as Cr, As, Hg, and Cd are toxic even in trace amounts [5]. The essentia
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