Development of 28 polymorphic microsatellite markers for the endemic Azorean spider Sancus acoreensis (Araneae, Tetragna
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MICROSATELLITE LETTERS
Development of 28 polymorphic microsatellite markers for the endemic Azorean spider Sancus acoreensis (Araneae, Tetragnathidae) Aristeidis Parmakelis • Katerina Balanika • Sofia Terzopoulou • Francois Rigal • Rochelle R. Beasley • Kenneth L. Jones • Stacey L. Lance • Robert J. Whittaker • Kostas A. Triantis • Paulo A.V. Borges
Received: 28 May 2013 / Accepted: 30 May 2013 Ó Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2013
We isolated and characterized a total of 28 microsatellite loci from Sancus acoreensis. Loci were screened in 26 individuals originating from seven (Flores, Faial, Pico, Sa˜o Jorge, Terceira, Sa˜o Miguel, and Santa Maria) out of the nine islands of the Azores. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 14, observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.040 to 0.708, and the probability of identity values ranged from 0.02 to 0.97. Sancus acoreensis is a Laurel forest specialist species, endemic to the Azores, and is facing a great extinction risk due to the severe fragmentation of its habitat. The newly developed microsatellite loci will aid in detecting signs of population bottlenecks and pinpoint the island populations that are facing the greatest risk of extinction. Sancus acoreensis (Araneae, Tetragnathidae) is an endemic Azorean species that inhabits the Laurel forest Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s12686-013-9976-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. A. Parmakelis (&) K. Balanika S. Terzopoulou K. A. Triantis Department of Ecology and Taxonomy, Faculty of Biology, University of Athens, Panepistimioupoli Zografou, 15784 Athens, Greece e-mail: [email protected] A. Parmakelis S. Terzopoulou F. Rigal K. A. Triantis P. A.V.Borges Departamento de Cieˆncias. Agra´riasAzorean Biodiversity Group (CITA-A) and Platform for Ecological and Environmental Research (PEER), Universidade dos Ac¸ores, Rua Capita˜o Joa˜o d’a´vila, Sa˜o Pedro, 9700-042 Angra do Heroismo, Terceira, Portugal
remnants within the Azores. It is facing a high risk of extinction due to the fragmentation and degradation of its habitat (Triantis et al. 2010). Using ecological indicators of risk, this species was found to be among the arthropod species mostly threatened. In order to assess the genetic diversity levels, and the population structure of this spider species throughout the Azores, we isolated and characterized 28 polymorphic microsatellites. Genomic DNA was extracted using a kit (NucleoSpin Tissue kit, Macherey–Nagel) from a single individual. An Illumina paired-end shotgun library was prepared by shearing 1 lg of DNA using a Covaris S220 and following the standard protocol of the Illumina TruSeq DNA Library Kit and using a multiplex identifier adaptor index. Illumina sequencing was conducted on the HiSeq with 100 bp paired-end reads. Five million of the resulting reads were analyzed with the program PAL_FINDER_v0.02.03 (Castoe et al. 2012) to extract those reads that contained di-, tri-, tetra-, pent
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