Distribution and accumulation of trace elements in El-Brullus lake islands
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Distribution and accumulation of trace elements in El-Brullus lake islands Raafat Abdeldayem 1 & Zaki Zaghloul 1 Received: 5 April 2018 / Accepted: 16 August 2018 # Saudi Society for Geosciences 2018
Abstract El-Brullus Lake is one of three coastal lakes north of Delta. It covered with shallow water. The main objective of this research is to investigate the relationship between contents of some trace elements and major oxides of the Quaternary sediments of El-Brullus lake islands and the correlation coefficient factor between them. For sampling, a total number of 17 samples were collected from 17 boreholes of Quaternary sediments of El-Brullus lake islands. The results indicated that Cu, Zn, and Pb having no correlation with any of these major oxides might be due to their low contents. It concluded contamination of lake water by toxic substances, excess nutrients, and fertilizers, considered the most dangerous manufactured environmental hazards, received from the agricultural drainage system besides the drainage water of private farms. Keywords Mapping . Brullus Lake . Trace elements . Oxides
Introduction The three lagoons (El-Manzala, El-Brullus, and Idku) receive the bulk of drainage water of Delta. These coastal lagoons represent 25% of the total Mediterranean coastal wetlands (Sestini 1992). On the other hand, the sediments are important sources for assessment of manufactured contamination in aquatic systems (Guar et al. 2004). According to Jardim et al. (2008), sediment contamination causes various effects to the whole ecosystem. The studied shorelines of the coastal strip in central portion of the Nile Delta have undergone many changes during the last century. Sea waves affecting the shoreline occur in the winter season and the summer swell season (Manohar 1976). Heavy metals used loosely to refer to both the element and its compounds (IUPAC 2002). Accumulation of heavy metals in the natural environment has received great attention worldwide by environmental, biological, and chemical scientists as well as the public. This is due to the unique characteristics of heavy metals, such as their significance in relation to biological water, toxic behavior, persistence,
* Raafat Abdeldayem [email protected] 1
Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
bioaccumulation, and their tendency to incorporate into food chains in harmful quantities (Ahmad and AlMahaqeri 2014). In spite of the fact that metals occur in the ecosystem naturally by geogenic and lithogenic processes, the heavy metals of anthropogenic origin tend to be bioavailable and then toxic pollutants (Kaasalainen and Yli-Halla 2003; Wuana and Okieimen 2011; Abu Khatita et al. 2016).
Study area El-Brullus Lake is located between latitudes 31° 21 and 31° 35 N and longitudes 30° 30 and 31° 10 E (Fig. 1). El-Brullus Lake occupies a central part of the Delta coast and it is the only lake in Kafr El-Sheikh governorate. It occupies an area of 420 km2 of which 370 km2 is open water (Guirguis et al. 1996). The rest of the area comprises
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