Does the Plant Matrix Type Have Impact on Rutin Transformation During Its Extraction?
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Does the Plant Matrix Type Have Impact on Rutin Transformation During Its Extraction? Andrzej L. Dawidowicz 1 & Katarzyna Bernacik 1 & Rafal Typek 1
Received: 1 September 2015 / Accepted: 18 December 2015 / Published online: 5 January 2016 # The Author(s) 2016. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com
Abstract Rutin is a flavonoid glycoside found in many plants. It is used as medication and an ingredient of numerous multivitamin preparations and herbal remedies due to its biomedical activity. The present paper deals with transformation processes of rutin during its extraction by methanol, ethanol, and their aqueous mixtures from Aronia melanocarpa (M.) E. and Sambucus nigra L. fruits, Hypericum perforatum L. herb, and Tussilago farfara L. leaves, known as ones of the most riches in rutin plant materials. It has been established that the transformation degree of rutin during its extraction depends not only on extraction time and extractant type but also, to a high degree, on the plant matrix type. Differences in the degree of rutin transformation are influenced by the matrix components in the examined plants. The reported results are particularly important for researchers investigating plant metabolism and looking for new plant components. Keywords Rutin . Rutoside . Rutin transformation . Rutin degradation . Rutin stability . Extraction
Introduction More and more attention has been paid recently to the role and application of secondary plant metabolites which, due to their Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s12161-015-0388-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Andrzej L. Dawidowicz [email protected]
1
Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie Sklodowska University, Pl. Maria Curie Sklodowska 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
biochemical properties, are often applied by physicians, pharmacists, dieticians, etc. (Bourgaud et al. 2001; Crozier et al. 2006; Kennedy and Wightman 2011; Pandey and Rizvi 2009). Rutin, being a secondary plant metabolite, is one of the highly valued compounds. Its antifungal, antibacterial, antiinflammatory and anticancer properties and the ability of radical scavenging are most frequently discussed (Biesaga 2011; Guardia et al. 2001; Mohd Zainol et al. 2009; Navarro-Núñez et al. 2008; Wang et al. 2011; Yang et al. 2008; You et al. 2010). These properties require better knowledge of rutin itself, its transformations, and its occurrence and metabolism in plants. An inquiry into the analytical procedures involving rutin is an important step in this cognition process. The analysis of plant constituents requires the application of sample preparation methods allowing for full isolation of the analyzed substances from the plant matrix (Dawidowicz and Wianowska 2009). The most procedures of rutin determination in plants involve their high-temperature extraction prior to HPLC analysis and the application of methanol and methanol-water mixtures as extractants (Andrade et al. 1997; Dawidowicz et a
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