Effect of microwave ablation treatment of hepatic malignancies on serum cytokine levels
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Open Access
Effect of microwave ablation treatment of hepatic malignancies on serum cytokine levels Jing Zhao1†, Qiang Li2,3†, Merlin Muktiali2†, Bingjie Ren2, Yingxi Hu2, Dapeng Li2, Zhi Li4, Daoming Li2, Yufeng Xie2, Min Tao2 and Rongrui Liang2,5*
Abstract Background: Microwave ablation (MWA) is widely used to treat unresectable primary and secondary malignancies of the liver, and a limited number of studies indicate that ablation can cause not only necrosis at the in situ site but also an immunoreaction of the whole body. This study aimed to investigate the effects of MWA on cytokines in patients who underwent MWA for a hepatic malignancy. Methods: Patients admitted to the Oncology Department in the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University between June 2015 and February 2019 were selected. Peripheral blood was collected from patients with a hepatic malignancy treated with MWA. The levels of cytokines (IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-12 p40, IL-12 p70, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)) were detected with a Milliplex® MAP Kit. The comparison times were as follows: before ablation, 24 h after ablation, 15 days after ablation, and 30 days after ablation. Data were analyzed using a paired sample t-tests and Spearman’s correlation analysis. Results: A total of 43 patients with hepatic malignancies were assessed. There were significant differences in IL-2, IL-12 p40, IL-12 p70, IL-1β, IL-8, and TNF-α at 24 h after MWA. Significant increases (> 2-fold vs. before ablation) were observed in IL-2, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α after MWA. Elevated IL-2 and IL-6 levels after ablation were positively correlated with energy output during the MWA procedure. Conclusions: WA treatment for hepatic malignancies can alter the serum levels of several cytokines such as IL-2 and IL-6. Keywords: Microwave ablation, Hepatic malignancy, Cytokines, IL-2, IL-6, Immunoregulation
Background Primary and secondary malignancies of the liver have a substantial impact on morbidity and mortality worldwide. In China, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has the second highest mortality rate of malignancies [1]. The treatment of primary and secondary hepatic malignancies via * Correspondence: [email protected] † Jing Zhao, Qiang Li and Merlin Muktiali contributed equally to this work. 2 Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China 5 Division of Neurosurgery, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California, USA Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
interventional imaging therapy is undertaken by investigators in the field of interventional radiology and possibly by a smaller group of practitioners known as interventional oncologists, whose major focus is cancer care via minimally invasive approaches [2, 3]. Recently, percutaneous ablation therapy has been widely accepted as a radical treatment method for HCC, and its five-year survival rate is similar to that of resection [4]. Microwave ablation (MWA)
