Effect of reformulated fuel strategy on compression ignition engine compatibility using antioxidant additive and clean K
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Effect of reformulated fuel strategy on compression ignition engine compatibility using antioxidant additive and clean Karanja methyl ester Madhu Sudan Reddy Dandu1 · Nanthagopal Kasianantham1 Received: 14 April 2020 / Accepted: 20 July 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The present work aims at investigating the compatibility of antioxidant with biodiesel through the tribological assessment of a compression ignition engine. In this research work, 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, a novel antioxidant, has been blended with clean Karanja oil methyl ester at the rate of 500 ppm. The compression ignition engine has been operated for 256 h of longterm durability tests in two different phases using clean Karanja biodiesel (KBD100) and 500 ppm antioxidant-blended clean Karanja biodiesel (KBD100@E). The study revealed that the compression ignition engine operated with KBD100@E fuel has exhibited low lubricating oil degradation when compared to clean Karanja biodiesel at same 256 h of operation. The long-term endurance test also showed that the kinematic viscosity, flash point and total base number of lubricating oil collected from KBD100@E-fueled engine were observed to lower than KPD100-fueled engine. Similarly, the wear metal concentrations were higher in lubricating oil of KPD100-fueled engine than that of antioxidant-added KBD fuel and diesel fuels. Furthermore, the surface roughness results also showed that the cylinder liner surface of KPD100-fueled engine was more smoothened compared to KBD100@E-fueled engine. The wear of piston rings was also noted to be more severe for KBD100-fueled engine when compared to diesel and KPD100@E-fueled engines. Finally, it has been concluded that the compression ignition engine life can be improved by the addition of antioxidant with biodiesel fuel.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-020-01905-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Nanthagopal Kasianantham [email protected] 1
School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
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M. S. R. Dandu, N. Kasianantham
Graphic abstract
Keywords Long-term endurance test · Karanja B100 fuel · Antioxidant · Tribological parameters · Inductive coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy · Surface roughness · Lubricating oil degradation · Piston rings Abbreviations KBD 100 Karanja biodiesel of 100% by volume KBD 100@E Karanja biodiesel of 100% by volume with Ethanox of 500 ppm IS Indian Standards ICP-AES Inductive coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy
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AAS Atomic absorption spectroscopy ASTM American society for testing and materials TBN Total base number TDC Top dead center BDC Bottom dead center Ra Average roughness
Effect of reformulated fuel strategy on compression ignition engine compatibility using…
Rq Root mean square roughness Rz Average maximum height of the profile
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