Effects of Biochar on Paddy Soil Fertility Under Different Water Management Modes
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Effects of Biochar on Paddy Soil Fertility Under Different Water Management Modes Le Chen 1 & Mengjie Liu 1 & Asjad Ali 2 & Qiancong Zhou 1 & Siwei Zhan 1 & Yingchi Chen 1 & Xiaohua Pan 1 & Yongjun Zeng 1 Received: 19 November 2019 / Accepted: 1 April 2020 # Sociedad Chilena de la Ciencia del Suelo 2020
Abstract In order to ascertain the effects of biochar on paddy soil fertility under different water management modes, two types of biochar as rice straw biochar (RSC) and rice husk biochar (RHC) were applied into two types of paddy soils, sandy loam (soil I) and silty loam (soil II). Five biochar application rates as 0 (CK), 5 (C1), 10 (C2), 20 (C3), and 50 (C4) g kg−1 were used under three water management modes, i.e., flooded irrigation (FI), intermittent irrigation (II), and wet irrigation (WI); all treatments are incubated for 60 days. The biochar application increased soil water holding capacity (WHC) (0.88–47.93%), pH (− 0.03–1.61 units), cation exchange capacity (CEC) (0.1–3.4 cmol kg−1), soil organic matter (SOM) (2.35–229.31%), total nitrogen (TN) (4.88–86.84%), available phosphorus (P) (0–171.74%), and potassium (K) (0.25–14.47 times). The increased nutrient content of soil I was higher than that of soil II, and the increase by RSC was significantly greater than that by RHC. In addition, the II mode or WI mode was more beneficial to increase soil pH, available P, and CEC. The water management modes, biochar types, and its dosage, as well as soil type and their interaction, had remarkable effects on soil improvement of paddy soil fertility. The study showed that biochar applied under intermittent and wet irrigation modes offers a good potential for the improvement of paddy soil fertility than flooding irrigation mode. Keywords Biochar . Water management modes . Paddy soil fertility . Soil physical and chemical properties . Soil improvement
1 Introduction China has a large population, with 60% of the population relying on rice as a staple food. Jiangxi province is one of the main rice-producing areas in China and plays a pivotal role in ensuring national food security and safety. However, the soil texture of the paddy field in this area is mainly sandy loam and silty loam, and the soil fertility is relatively low. The yield of rice is closely related to soil fertility. So far, chemical fertilizers are widely used in order to ensure the stable production of rice. However, the application of chemical fertilizer is not considered sustainable for improving soil fertility and maintain rice yield. Many evidences indicate that long-term
* Yongjun Zeng [email protected] 1
Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
2
Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Mareeba, QLD 4880, Australia
and excessive use of chemical fertilizers (N fertilizer) will lead to more severe soil acidification (Tao et al. 2019; Guo et al. 2010). Furthermore, long-term cultivation can also lead to soil degradation, such
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