Effects of different carbon sources on 2,4,6-trichlorophenol degradation in the activated sludge process
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RESEARCH PAPER
Effects of different carbon sources on 2,4,6‑trichlorophenol degradation in the activated sludge process Jianguang Wang1 · Zhirong Sun1 Received: 19 February 2020 / Accepted: 27 June 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The effects of different carbon sources on the enrichment of 2,4,6TCP-degrading microbes and on reactor stability were was investigated using a lab-scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR). Glucose, sucrose, and starch were selected as different carbon sources because of the different molecular weights. The sucrose-fed activated sludge (AS) exhibited faster adaption and higher degradation rates for 2,4,6-TCP in long-term operation and typical cycles compared to that fed with glucose and starch. Large amounts of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS; 117.54 mg/gVSS) were induced from AS after adding starch, leading to a high SVI (191 mL/g) and poor sludge settling. This suggests that macromolecular carbon sources might have a detrimental effect on the reactor operation. Moreover, the high removal efficiency for TOC and chloride ions was achieved in a typical cycle of all SBRs, indicating that AS could completely mineralize 2,4,6-TCP. On average, more than 90% of the COD could be removed in all SBRs during long-term operation. Glucose, sucrose, and starch facilitated the development of a different microbial community compared to the seeding sludge, making Chloroflexi, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria the dominant phylum in the corresponding SBR. The microbial abundance associated with the metabolism of 2,4,6-TCP reached 81.02% due to the addition of sucrose. The results of this study could provide a potential guide for the effective selection of carbon sources in the treatment of chlorophenol wastewater. Keywords Activated sludge · Carbon sources · 2,4,6-TCP · Co-metabolism
Introduction Wastewater containing 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP) is widely produced in industrial processes such as pesticide synthesis, pulp bleaching, dye, and plastics production [1] and is a serious environmental hazard because of its persistence, high toxicity, and high bioaccumulation [2]. In addition, 2,4,6-TCP is a highly carcinogenic compound and listed as a pollutant of priority concern [3, 4]. The activated sludge (AS) process is a wastewater treatment method with the advantages of a large processing capacity and a wide Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-020-02400-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Zhirong Sun [email protected] 1
National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, 100 Ping Le Yuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100124, People’s Republic of China
applicability [5]; it is frequently used in the treatment of 2,4,6-TCP-contaminated wastewater [6–9]. The degradation of toxic organic matter by AS mainly faces two challenges: toxicity inhibition and lack of car
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