Effects of different pulp-capping materials on cell death signaling pathways of lipoteichoic acid-stimulated human denta
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Effects of different pulp‑capping materials on cell death signaling pathways of lipoteichoic acid‑stimulated human dental pulp stem cells Sinem Kuru1 · Elif Sepet2 · Tülay İrez3 · Esin Aktaş4 · Yusufhan Yazır5 · Gökhan Duruksu5 · Ebru Osmanoglu Akyol6 · Mine Ergüven7 Received: 10 March 2020 / Accepted: 29 October 2020 © The Society of The Nippon Dental University 2020
Abstract Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the response of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) cultured with and without lipoteichoic acid (LTA) to different pulp-capping materials. Methods: The cells were cultured and seeded in 6-well plates and exposed to 1% LTA solution. Dycal, ProRoot MTA and Biodentine materials were applied on cells and all groups were evaluated by cell proliferation, viability, cell cycle and cell death signaling pathways for 24 and 72 h. Results LTA + Dycal treatment significantly inhibited the proliferation of DPSCs and increased the apoptosis rate of cells more than the other groups at 72 h. Compared to other groups, LTA + Dycal treatment significantly increased the levels of Caspase-3 and AKT and decreased the levels of p-AKT. Conclusions The results of this study revealed that all tested materials caused apoptosis in DPSCs via an extrinsic apoptotic pathway. The DPSCs showed an early apoptosis response to the Dycal and a late apoptosis response to the ProRoot MTA and Biodentine treatments. LTA led autophagy and inhibited the proliferation of DPSCs. ProRoot MTA and Biodentin eliminated the LTA’s bioactivity with higher efficiency than Dycal. Keywords Apoptosis · Calcium-silicate cement · Dental pulp stem cells · Lipoteichoic acid · Proroot MTA
Introduction
* Elif Sepet [email protected] 1
Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey
2
Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Istanbul Kent, Beyoglu, 34433 Istanbul, Turkey
3
Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Biruni, Istanbul, Turkey
4
Department of Immunology, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, University of Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey
5
Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kocaeli, Stem Cell and Gene Treatment Research and Application Center, Izmit, Turkey
6
Varyans Statistical Consultancy, Kadıköy, Istanbul, Turkey
7
Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Istanbul Aydın, Istanbul, Turkey
Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) is a cell-wall polymer of grampositive bacteria such as Streptococcus mutans, which are present in the human oral microbiota and strongly associated with carious lesions [1–4]. LTA acts as an adhesion molecule and binds to host cells via its lipid moiety. It also has an important function in bacterial colonization and invasion [4, 5]. Recent studies have reported that LTA induces biofilm formation, proinflammatory cytokines, apoptosis of cultured pulp fibroblasts, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression, whic
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