Effects of electrocoagulation on membrane fouling and treatment performance of a membrane bioreactor operated without sl
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Effects of electrocoagulation on membrane fouling and treatment performance of a membrane bioreactor operated without sludge discharge M. Manica1 · A. A. Battistelli2 · T. J. Belli3 · J. B. Souza1 · F. R. Lapolli4 · C. M. S. Vidal1 Received: 12 July 2019 / Revised: 10 July 2020 / Accepted: 22 September 2020 © Islamic Azad University (IAU) 2020
Abstract This study evaluated the effects of the electrocoagulation on membrane fouling and treatment performance in a membrane bioreactor operated with prolonged solids retention time. The membrane bioreactor was fed with synthetic wastewater, and its operation was conducted at three different experimental runs. Initially, the reactor was operated without electric current application (run 1), named as control period, and subsequently using electric current density of 5 A m−2 (run 2) and 15 A m−2 (run 3). Hence, the reactor performance was evaluated for the impact of electrocoagulation on fouling mitigation and pollutant removal (chemical oxygen demand, phosphorus and ammonium) as well as for the use of two different current densities. The results showed that the use of the lower current density (run 2) was able to significantly improve the membrane bioreactor performance on organic matter and phosphorus removal, showing average efficiencies of 95 and 99%, respectively. Particularly for ammonium removal, the membrane bioreactor exhibited a gradual increase from run 1 to 3, attaining the highest ammonium removal efficiency (86%) during run 3. Compared to run 1 and 3, the use of 5 A m−2 resulted in a better mixed liquor filterability conditions and consequently in a lower membrane fouling rate (0.107 bar d−1). Therefore, the integration of electrocoagulation with the membrane bioreactor technology proved to be an interesting alternative to improve the treatment performance and attenuate the fouling process, even operating the reactor without sludge discharge. Keywords Electrocoagulation · Phosphorus removal · Prolonged solids retention time · Wastewater treatment · Membrane fouling Abbreviations AMO Ammonia monooxygenase ANOVA Analysis of variance COD Chemical oxygen demand ECD Electric current density Editorial responsibility: Josef Trögl. * M. Manica [email protected] 1
Department of Environmental Engineering, Midwest State University, PR 153, km 07, Riozinho, P.O. Box 21, Irati, PR 84500‑000, Brazil
2
Department of Environmental Engineering, State University of Maringá, Umuarama, PR 87506‑370, Brazil
3
Department of Sanitary Engineering, State University of Santa Catarina, Ibirama, SC 89140‑000, Brazil
4
Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, P.O. Box 476, Florianópolis, SC 88040‑900, Brazil
DO Dissolved oxygen EMBR Membrane electro-bioreactor EPS Extracellular polymer substances EPSp/EPSc Proteins-to-carbohydrate ratio in EPS F/M Food to microorganism ratio HAO Hydroxylamine oxidoreductase HRT Hydraulic retention time J Permeate flux MBR Membrane bioreactor MFR M
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