Effects of mountain urbanization on greenhouse gas emissions from municipal solid waste management practices in Southwes
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Effects of mountain urbanization on greenhouse gas emissions from municipal solid waste management practices in Southwest China Yang Xiao & Qiang Xiao & Hong Tan & Ying Luo
Received: 23 March 2020 / Accepted: 17 September 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Urbanization is occurring globally at an unprecedented rate. The byproduct of this mounting urbanization is an increase in municipal solid waste (MSW), which has a significant effect on population health and the surrounding environment. This trend poses a challenge to the cities responsible for managing waste in a socially and environmentally acceptable manner. Effective waste management strategies depend on local waste characteristics, which vary under different cultural, climatic, and socioeconomic conditions. It is important to note that MSW disposal represents one of the largest sources for anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This study found a direct proportional urban and rural gradient between household income and GHG emissions under a typical urban household size. The distribution of GHG is U-shaped. This study found that urbanization exhibited a pattern of continuous growth, and the effect of urbanization was less than the effect of the population in magnitude. The correlation between GHG and income level in recent urban sprawl along a north–south transect was lower than during the period of early urban expansion.
Y. Xiao College of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China Q. Xiao (*) : H. Tan : Y. Luo Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China e-mail: [email protected]
Keywords Greenhouse gas emissions . Solid waste management . Input . output . Seasonal change
Introduction Being a key carbon (C) source that affects global climate change, researchers have been paying increasing attention to municipal solid waste (MSW) in recent years. Under a background of accelerated urbanization and an increase in the standard of living, the ecological impact of MSW can no longer be neglected (Cao 2012; Gao et al. 2011). This study shows that from 1995 to 2015, MSW emissions increased by a factor of two, from 32,973 × 104 t C to 72,674 × 104 t C. Moreover, per capita MSW increased from 289.1 to 519.6 kg, an increase of 87.5%. Furthermore, direct and indirect metabolic products of solid waste are significant factors affecting the health of urban ecosystems (Gou et al. 2020). The management of MSW is complex, which includes social, economic, and natural factors. Moreover, problems associated with MSW go beyond its management, the technical knowledge of the populace, production procedures, consumption, circulation, and recovery process; it is also closely associated with natural environmental factors, such as water, soil, animals, and the atmosphere. The management of MSW has gradually become a concern of the urban ecological domain. During disposal processes from transportation to incineration, composting, fermentation, and the deposit of solid waste in landfills, MSW will
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