Effects of Ocean Acidification and Microplastics on Microflora Community Composition in the Digestive Tract of the Thick
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Effects of Ocean Acidification and Microplastics on Microflora Community Composition in the Digestive Tract of the Thick Shell Mussel Mytilus coruscus Through 16S RNA Gene Sequencing Liguo Yang2 · Linlan Lv1 · Haojie Liu4 · Miaorun Wang4 · Yanming Sui1,2 · Youji Wang3 Received: 22 July 2020 / Accepted: 6 October 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Ocean acidification and microplastic pollution is a global environmental threat, this research evaluated the effects of ocean acidification and microplastics on mussel digestive tract microbial community. The 16S rRNA gene was sequenced to characterize the flora. Species diversity in the samples was assessed by clustering valid tags on 97% similarity. Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were the three most abundant genera in the four groups, with Bacteroidetes showing the highest diversity. However, no differences in flora structure were evident under various treatments. Phylogenetic relationship analysis revealed Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes had the highest OTU diversity. The weighted UniFrac distance, principal coordinate analysis (PCoA), unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) cluster tree and analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) evaluation results for all samples also showed that changes in pH and microplastics concentration did not significantly affect the microbial community structure in the mussel digestive tract. The results presented the no significant effects of ocean acidification and microplastics intake on mussel intestinal diversity. Keywords Mytilus coruscus · Ocean acidification · Microplastics · 16S rRNA · Microflora Ocean acidification (OA), which is a drop in pH through increased hydrogen ion ( H+) concentrations, is recognized as a global environmental problem. In the past century, the average pH of ocean surface water has fallen by 0.1 Liguo Yang and Linlan Lv have contributed equally to this work. * Yanming Sui [email protected] * Youji Wang [email protected] 1
Department of Ocean Technology, College of Chemistry and Biology Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China
2
Key Laboratory of East China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, China
3
International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
4
Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
pH units due to increased carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions (Stark et al. 2019). Rising carbon dioxide levels and subsequent OA affect the survival, growth, calcification and reproduction of marine organisms (Watson et al. 2017). It is predicted that by 2100, the atmospheric CO2 level will reach 1000 ppm, possibly resulting in a further decline in ocean pH by 0.3–0.4 units (Orr et al. 2005). OA will have a profound impact on future marine ecosystem
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