Enhanced Potassium-Ion Storage of the 3D Carbon Superstructure by Manipulating the Nitrogen-Doped Species and Morphology
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ARTICLE
Cite as Nano-Micro Lett. (2021) 13:1 Received: 8 June 2020 Accepted: 22 August 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-020-00525-y
Enhanced Potassium‑Ion Storage of the 3D Carbon Superstructure by Manipulating the Nitrogen‑Doped Species and Morphology Yanhua Li1,2, Kui Xiao2, Cong Huang1, Jin Wang3, Ming Gao1, Aiping Hu1, Qunli Tang1, Binbin Fan1, Yali Xu1, Xiaohua Chen1 *
HIGHLIGHTS • An eco-efficient synthetic route was developed to establish carbon superstructures with enhanced exposed nitrogen-rich active facets. • The synergistic effect of the 3D interconnected superstructures and the high nitrogen-doping content endows the N-rich carbon superstructures (NCS-5) with not only increased potassium-ion storage capabilities but also superior rate and cycling performance. • The regulation of the nitrogen doping types and morphology of NCS-5 is also discussed in detail based on the experiment results and density functional theory calculations.
ABSTRACT Potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) are attractive for gridscale energy storage due to the abundant potassium resource and high energy density. The key to achieving high-performance and large-scale energy storage technology lies in seeking eco-efficient synthetic processes to the design of suitable anode materials. Herein, a spherical sponge-like carbon superstructure (NCS) assembled by 2D nanosheets
is rationally and efficiently designed for K+ storage. The optimized NCS electrode exhibits an outstanding rate capability, high reversible specific capacity (250 mAh g−1 at 200 mA g−1 after 300 cycles), and
promising cycling performance (205 mAh g−1 at 1000 mA g−1 after 2000 cycles). The superior performance can be attributed to the unique robust spherical structure and 3D electrical transfer network together with nitrogen-rich nanosheets. Moreover, the regulation of the nitrogen doping types and morphology of NCS-5 is also discussed in detail based on the experiments results and density functional theory calculations. This strategy for manipulating the structure and properties of 3D materials is expected to meet the grand challenges for advanced carbon materials as high-performance PIB anodes in practical applications. KEYWORDS Polyimide; Nitrogen-doped; Potassium-ion battery; 3D carbon material
* 1 2 3
Xiaohua Chen, [email protected] College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People’s Republic of China College of Materials and Chemistry Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang 421002, People’s Republic of China Zhuzhou Times New Material Technology Co., LTD, Zhuzhou 412007, People’s Republic of China Vol.:(0123456789)
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1 Introduction Developing low-cost, stable, and nontoxic rechargeable postlithium (Li)-ion batteries, such as sodium (Na)-ion batteries, aluminum-ion batteries, and potassium-ion batteries (PIBs), is of great significance to meet the demands of large-scale energy storage systems [1–6]. In particular, PIBs are promising because of (1) the low co
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