Environmental Factors Affecting the Conchological Variability of the Common River Snail Viviparus viviparus (L., 1758) (
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ronmental Factors Affecting the Conchological Variability of the Common River Snail Viviparus viviparus (L., 1758) (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in the Novosibirsk Reservoir, Russia D. V. Kuzmenkina, * and L. V. Yanyginab, ** aTigirek
State Nature Reserve, Barnaul, 656043 Russia Institute for Water and Environmental Problems, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Barnaul, 656038 Russia *e-mail: [email protected] **e-mail: [email protected]
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Received June 6, 2019; revised April 10, 2020; accepted May 9, 2020
Abstract—The shell variability of the common river snail (Viviparus viviparus (L., 1758)), a species alien to Western Siberia, was studied using the methods of discriminant and dispersion analysis for the population of the Novosibirsk Reservoir. In different parts of the reservoir, the subpopulations of common river snail are formed, which differ in the shell proportions. A statistically significant relationship between the spatial differentiation of the shell shape and the depth of habitat was found. Differences in temperature and food availability in the coastal and relatively deep-water areas of the reservoir may have a leading role in morphological differentiation. The morphological changes in the common river snail, which occurred in a short time after the appearance of this species in the Novosibirsk Reservoir, indicate their ability to adapt quickly and testify to a high invasive potential of the species. Keywords: Viviparus viviparus, shell, morphology, environmental factors, Novosibirsk Reservoir, invasions DOI: 10.1134/S2075111720030078
INTRODUCTION Many species of gastropods are characterized by high genetic variability and phenotypic plasticity, which is reflected, inter alia, in the high variability of the morphometric characteristics of their shells. Special attention is traditionally paid to the analysis of the conchological variability of mollusks, which is primarily linked to using the shell structural features for the taxonomic identification of specimens. Significant intraspecific variability of conchological characters spells trouble for the taxonomy of mollusks, leading to numerous revisions. In freshwater gastropods, a significant number of such revisions have already been carried out, especially for the representatives of the family Lymnaeidae, for which several distinct variants of the taxonomic system have been proposed over the past 20 years (Glöer, 2002; Starobogatov et al., 2004; Khokhutkin et al., 2009; Aksenova et al., 2018). Genetic, geographical, and environmental factors affect the morphometric features of mollusk shells (Vinarski, 2014; Cazenave and Zanatta, 2016). Searching for the features of geographical variability and for the environmental factors affecting the shape and size of shells can improve the accuracy of taxonomic identification. However, these factors are difficult to distinguish in native mollusk populations. The
habitat of alien species of mollusks in relatively small water bodies allows their geographical variation to be neglected, and the introduction of
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