Estimation of E-waste Generation, Residential Behavior, and Disposal Practices from Major Governorates in Jordan
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Estimation of E-waste Generation, Residential Behavior, and Disposal Practices from Major Governorates in Jordan Sudki Hamdan1 Motasem N. Saidan ●
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Received: 8 February 2020 / Accepted: 17 July 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Estimating the generation of e-waste in governorates is critically needed for sustainable and environmentally sound e-waste management in Jordan. The main objectives of the present study are to quantify and evaluate the annual e-waste generation in all governorates in Jordan and disposal practices. The present study comprises the information of e-waste as classified by the European Union Directive including six main categories (16 United Nations University key items). The survey targeted 15,883 households (12.52% females and 87.48% males), where primary data on e-waste generation and disposal methods were gathered, assessed, and quantified. Subsequently, the survey-based data collected from the study sample have been extrapolated to quantify an e-waste generation inventory for Jordan and the disposal methods using ArcGIS mapping. The study-extrapolated findings reveal that ~8,735,187 e-waste items (13 ktons) had been turned into e-waste and discarded by all households in 2018 in the 12 governorates in Jordan. Moreover, dumping of e-waste is still the dominant disposal method practiced by 58.4% of households in Jordan. The other disposal practices showed that granting of the waste EEE to others has the share of 16.6%; selling (10.7%); delivering the waste EEE for environmentally sound recycling (6.8%); and others practices represented 7.4%. Furthermore, the present study has played a vital role in e-waste awareness dissemination since the findings of the present study have been modeled and shown online by the Department of Statistics, Jordan through the link (https://arcg.is/1KzvjO). Finally, the challenges, barriers, and prospects of e-waste management in Jordan have been explored in the present study. Keywords E-waste WEEE Discarded electrical and electronic waste Disposal behavior Waste Jordan ●
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Introduction The management of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE or e-waste) has currently become an emerging issue worldwide due to any reasons such as its hazardous contents (Robinson 2009; Ilankoon et al. 2018; Cucchiella et al. 2015; Islam and Huda 2020); it is recognized as the fastest-growing waste streams, for example, two to three times faster than municipal solid waste (MSW) (Awashti et al. 2018; Islam and Huda 2019; Walden 2012); and their unsafe disposal which are posing a serious environmental impacts on the ecosystem (Gu et al. 2015), especially
* Motasem N. Saidan [email protected] 1
Department of Statistics, Environment Statistics, Amman, Jordan
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Chemical Engineering Department, School of Engineering, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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through their illegitimate recycling (Ahmed and Panwar 2014; Ravindra and Mor 2019). Moreover, reliable estimation of e-waste gene
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