Evaluation of bio-formulations of fungal and bacterial biological control agents in combination with fungicide in differ
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Evaluation of bio‑formulations of fungal and bacterial biological control agents in combination with fungicide in different mode of application for integrated management of tomato wilt Sunil Chandra Dubey1 · Aradhika Tripathi1 · Rakesh Tak2 · Sarangthem Indira Devi3 Received: 1 October 2018 / Revised: 20 May 2020 / Accepted: 22 May 2020 © Indian Phytopathological Society 2020
Abstract Wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici) of tomato is one of the major factors for low productivity of the crop. Biocontrol agents along with fungicides were evaluated in various modes of applications to develop an efficient wilt management module. Tomato seedling roots dipped in fungicide carbendazim and bioformulation of Trichoderma harzianum and T. viride separately provided the lowest wilt incidence with the highest shoot and root lengths, plant dry weight, number and weight of fruits with statistically similar performance. Both T. harzianum and T. viride based soil application formulations showed similar performances. Further based on these results, seedling root dip and soil application of T. harzianum and T. viride separately and in combinations along with fungicides and Bacillus subtilis were evaluated. Combined application of PBP10G (T. harzianum) in soil and seedling root dip in a suspension of Pusa 5SD (T. harzianum) + fungicide carboxin 37.5% + tetramethyl thiuram disulfide 37.5% (Vitavax power) provided the highest shoot length, fruit number and weight along with the lowest wilt incidence. The wilt incidence observed in the treatment was alike to that of T. harzianum (PBP10G) × T. viride (Pusa 5SD) + Vitavax power and T. viride (PBP10G) × T. harzianum (Pusa 5SD) + Vitavax power. Thus, the application of Trichoderma based formulations with fungicide Vitavax power not only reduced the incidence of wilt, but also enhanced the growth of plants and fruit yield. The module developed is entirely new and proved effective for tomato wilt management. Keywords Tomato · Trichoderma spp · Bacillus subtilis · Fusarium wilt · Bioformulation
Introduction Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L) as vegetable crop grown worldwide including India both in open fields and in protected conditions (Pritesh and Subramanian 2011). Tomato is a nutritionally rich, high-valued vegetable crop and contributing towards nutritional and income security for both rural and urban populations (Waiganjo et al. 2006). The crop is susceptible to several pathogens and among them, wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Sacc.) * Sunil Chandra Dubey [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Division of Plant Quarantine, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi 110 012, India
2
Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
3
Department of Microbiology, Institute of Bio-Resources and Sustainable Development, Imphal 395001, India
Snyder and Hansen is a major pathogen for both under field and protected cultivation worldwide (Bawa 2016). The diseas
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