Evidence of anti-inflammatory activity of Schizandrin A in animal models of acute inflammation
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Evidence of anti-inflammatory activity of Schizandrin A in animal models of acute inflammation Likun Cui 1
&
Wenzhe Zhu 1 & Zhijie Yang 1 & Xiyuan Song 1 & Cui Xu 1 & Ziwei Cui 1 & Longquan Xiang 2
Received: 17 October 2019 / Accepted: 30 January 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Schisandrin A (Sch A) is a lignin extracted from the fruit of Schisandra chinensis, which has potential anti-inflammatory properties and is used for treating various inflammatory diseases. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of Sch A and the underlying mechanisms in animal models of acute inflammation. First, the anti-inflammatory effects of Sch A were evaluated preliminarily in an animal model of xylene-induced ear edema. Sch A pretreatment significantly decreased the degree of edema and inhibited telangiectasia in the ear. Second, a mouse model of paw edema was used to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms of Sch A. Pretreatment with Sch A significantly inhibited carrageenan-induced paw edema in mice. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining of paw tissues demonstrated that Sch A inhibited the infiltration of inflammatory cells in the mouse model of paw edema. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) results indicated that the levels of inflammatory factors decreased. The western blot and immunohistochemical assay results revealed that the toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor kappa-B (TLR4/NF-κB) pathway could play a role in the anti-inflammatory functions of Sch A. The findings demonstrated that Sch A exerts anti-inflammatory effects and may provide possible strategies for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Keywords Schisandra A . Edema . Anti-inflammatory . Inflammation
Introduction Inflammation is a basic pathophysiological process that enables the body to remove pathogens and repair damaged tissues following infection or injury (Tang et al. 2018). In physiological conditions, the inflammatory response allows the body to remove harmful stimuli and maintain homeostasis, thus promoting the repair and healing of damaged tissues (Shabbir et al. 2018). However, chronic inflammation caused by acute unresolved inflammation or persistent irritation can lead to the occurrence of many severe refractory diseases (Gilroy and De Maeyer 2015), such as bronchial asthma, Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00210-020-01837-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Longquan Xiang [email protected] 1
College of Basic Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, Shandong, China
2
Department of Pathology, Jining No.1 People’s Hospital, Jining 272011, Shandong, China
Parkinson’s disease, and Alzheimer’s disease. Presently, there are two main classes of drugs for the treatment of inflammation: non-steroidal and steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (Cui et al. 2019). However, both drug classes have multiple side effects; therefore, new anti-infla
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