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Evolution and Water Resources Utilization of the Yangtze River

Evolution and Water Resources Utilization of the Yangtze River

Jin Chen

Evolution and Water Resources Utilization of the Yangtze River

Jin Chen Changjiang Water Resources Commission Changjiang River Science Research Institute Wuhan, Hubei, China

The edition is not for sale in the Mainland of China. Customers from the Mainland of China, please order the print book from: Changjiang Press (Wuhan) Co.,Ltd. ISBN 978-981-13-7871-3    ISBN 978-981-13-7872-0 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7872-0 © Changjiang Press (Wuhan) Co.,Ltd. & Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publishers, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publishers, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publishers nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publishers remain neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore

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Preface I

The Yangtze (Changjiang) River, which originates from the snow-capped mountains and runs thousands of kilometers into the East China Sea, is the longest river in Asia and the third longest in the world. With its mainstream flowing through China’s 11 provinces, autonomous regions, or municipalities, the river is the cradle of the Chinese civilization and has supported its socioeconomic development. Since it came from the ancient times, it has frequently undergone, sometimes great, changes. In the past trillions of years, it has experienced headward erosion, uplifting, and cutting, cut through the Wu Mountains, traversed the Yunmeng Mountain, and connected the Han River and thousands of large and small lakes into the river. Influenced by the monsoon climate, she suffers flooding in summer and low water in winter, demonstrating the complexity and variability of the environment. Low in the east and high in the west, the watershed of the river has various veget